|
|
| (18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 40: |
Line 40: |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Dome===
| |
| − | Dome dunes are circular or oval mounds with no slipface.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| | <noinclude></noinclude> | | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| Line 68: |
Line 65: |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. ¿Qué son plantas pioneras? ¿Qué es su propósito en las comunidades de dunas? Dar dos ejemplos. --> |
| − | <!-- 7. What are pioneer plants? What is their purpose in dune communities? Give two examples. --> | |
| − | Pioneer plants are fast growing and are responsible for initial dune stabilization. Dune stability would be literally impossible without these pioneer plants. They must be able to withstand very harsh conditions; water spray, blowing and drifting of sand, low nutrient levels, flooding, extreme temperature changes, high wind for long periods of time, desert like dryness and high salt levels. Fast reproduction and colonization are a must. The root system is uniquely specialized to grow both down and across very quickly with new shoots popping out at regular intervals. This allows large areas of sand to be stabilized in a short period of time. The purpose is to trap blowing and drifting sand. These plants are all about business; long roots (increase moisture absorption), often covered in waxy coatings (retain water), smaller or rolled leaves (reduce surface area exposure), unpleasant taste to herbivores (longevity) and have thick, scaly stems or bark (stability). Some have pretty flowers, others do not.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Beach Grass, Marram Grass===
| |
| − | [[File:Marram Grass - geograph.org.uk - 1493836.jpg|thumb|300px|Beach grass]]
| |
| − | Always found in the zone directly behind the beach, thrives in drifting sand. A very stiff grass with a very extensive underground root system capable of sending new shoots up at any point. It has teeth pointing towards the end, a sharp tip. It also has a seedhead spike.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | ===American Sea Rocket===
| |
| − | [[File:Cakile edentula (Habitus).jpg|thumb|300px|American Sea Rocket]]
| |
| − | Found on seashores and coastal dune communities on a worldwide scale. It has waxy, thick leaves and its tiny flower clusters are light purple to white depending on geographical location. This plant bears two sectioned fruits. The seeds fall out and the membrane that was holding the seeds stay attached.
| |
| − | {{clear}}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Beach Morning Glory===
| |
| − | [[File:Morning glory at the beach flowering white flowers.jpg|thumb|300px|Beach Morning Glory]]
| |
| − | A vine that grows in beach and foredune habitats, tolerates salted air. The seeds float and are not damaged by salt water. The flowers are insect pollinated.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. Dar tres ejemplos de plantas que viven en dunas. ¿Cómo son adaptadas para sobrevivir? --> |
| − | <!-- 8. Give three examples of plants in dune environments. How are they adapted for survival? --> | |
| − | ===Cottonwood Tree===
| |
| − | [[File:Cottonwood (3684618445).jpg|thumb|300px|Cottonwood Tree]]
| |
| − | This tree has the ability to grow roots at any point of its buried trunk, grows rapidly from the top. It is very difficult to determine the true height of the tree(s) due to what is buried below the dune! Only the top might be exposed of a large, mature tree. Commonly found in Lake Michigan sand dune environments.
| |
| − | {{clear}}
| |
| − | ===Shore Pine ===
| |
| − | [[File:Pinus contorta 28263.JPG|thumb|300px|Shore Pine]]
| |
| − | Native to the western United States, this tree is often found in sandy environments and coastal sand dunes of the Pacific Ocean. This tree is most often found with strange forms, stunted growth and deformities all a result of unidirectional, strong winds. The shrub communities where this tree grows are usually 1-3 meters high, very quickly developing into Shore Pine forests.
| |
| − | {{clear}}
| |
| − | ===Century Plant===
| |
| − | [[File:Agave karatto - Century plant, Dagger, Maypole IMG 0457 C.JPG|thumb|300px|Century plant]]
| |
| − | Native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, this plant easily keeps up with the constant blowing and drifting of sand. They thrive on sandy slopes and dry, rocky environments. Their root system is a widespread, dense mass just below the surface as to absorb any moisture, also stabilize the terrain. This plant can grow 2 inches per day; the flowering stock can grow 1 foot per day. Some heights of mature plants range from 15 to 30 feet tall. They bloom just once in their lives; the pale yellow flowers are bat pollinated.
| |
| − | {{clear}}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Pitcher’s Thistle===
| |
| − | [[File:Pitchers thistle epa.jpg|thumb|300px|Pitcher's thistle]]
| |
| − | This plant only grows on shorelines or in sand dunes of the Great Lakes in the states of Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin and Ontario, Canada. It is a threatened species on federal and state levels. Michigan contains the most locations. Pitcher’s Thistle has a tap root capable of going 6 feet down into the sand and blue-green plant parts are covered in silvery hairs to reflect the bright sun and retain water. The plant may grow to about 3 feet tall with leaves up to 12 inches long. This plant may take 2-8 years to mature to the flowering stage, produces white flowers.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 9. Dar cinco ejemplos de especies de animales que viven en dunas. ¿Qué las hacen únicas para vivir en dunas? --> |
| − | <!-- 9. Give five examples of animal species in dune environments. How are they unique for living in dune communities? --> | + | |
| − | Reptiles, amphibians, birds, spiders, insects, crustaceans and mammals can survive in the dunes. Just like plants; geography, amount of moisture and climate have everything to do with what animal species are found and how they are adapted to their environment.
| |
| − | ===AntLion===
| |
| − | [[File:Antlion.jpg|thumb|300px|Antlion]]
| |
| − | An antlion is an insect that makes funnel shaped craters in very soft sand, about 2 cm across and 2 cm deep. The ferocious looking larvae hide in sand at the bottom and then wait patiently for something to walk past and fall in to be ambushed. The Antlion larvae react very well to false stimulation that there has been a capture, coming out into full view. Common in the Great Lakes dunes and throughout the United States.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Western Snowy Plover===
| |
| − | [[File:Western Snowy Plover watches the sun set over the Pacific Ocean.jpg|thumb|300px|Western snowy plover]]
| |
| − | A shorebird about the size of a sparrow, found on coastal beaches, dunes and near stream inlets in California and Oregon. They make their nests on the open sand, coming back to the same area year after year. Due to habitat loss, disturbance and predation these birds are federally threatened. Several organizations are working together to ensure this species survival.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Karner Melissa Blue Butterfly===
| |
| − | [[File:Lycaeides melissa samuelis (cropped).jpg|thumb|300px|Karner Melissa Blue Butterfly]]
| |
| − | A federally listed as endangered butterfly, common in the west and endangered or extirpated in the east. The caterpillars feed solely on the leaves of Wild Lupine (primary), alfalfa, rattleweeds, other legumes. Savanna habitat is crucial to this butterfly’s survival, prescribed burns are necessary to keep the woody and invasive species in check. The amount of Wild Lupines and butterfly populations are directly connected. There is a population in the Indiana Dunes. There are several organizations and volunteers working together to ensure the survival of this community.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Ord’s Kangaroo Rat===
| |
| − | [[File:Ord's kangaroo rat.jpg|thumb|300px|Ord's Kangaroo Rat]]
| |
| − | The most widespread species of Kangaroo Rat. They hop on their big hind legs like tiny kangaroos, using their long tails for balance. They are very capable of jumping 5 feet or more in one leap to escape danger! They sleep in burrows during the day, coming out mostly at night to feed on seeds, frequently their only source of moisture. They carry many seeds in pouches in their cheeks to store in their burrows. Common in open sand, grassland and sagebrush flats, pine variety woodlands.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Horned Viper===
| |
| − | [[File:Hornviper Cerastes cerastes.jpg|thumb|300px|Horned Viper]]
| |
| − | This snake is a sidewinder, meaning it uses its head and tail to move their body sideways. It uses camouflage so that it is the same color as its surroundings, usually sand. It lives in northern Africa deserts.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Camel===
| |
| − | [[File:Bactrian Camel Tennoji.jpg|thumb|300px|Camel]]
| |
| − | Length: 9 feet, Height 7 feet at the shoulder. This mammal is characterized by long legs, long curved neck, long eyelashes, and small ears. They have the ability to close their nostrils against blowing sand and can eat hard, thorny vegetation. They store energy in their hump(s) and can manage losing more water than any other domestic animal. In fact, camels can tolerate water loss equivalent to over 1/3 of their body weight. All of these characteristics combined with their two toed feet with webbing make them great animals for crossing deserts and climbing over immense sand dunes. They are used for police patrol in Arab countries and in the cool season have been documented to walk 620 miles on a single journey over several days with very little or no water. They can drink over 20 gallons of water in a very short time.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| |
| − | ===Atlantic Ghost Crab===
| |
| − | [[File:Ghost crab 2.jpeg|thumb|300px|Atlantic Ghost Crab]]
| |
| − | A crab that feeds at night, also digs burrows up to 4 feet deep and to ¼ mile from the shore. They are scavengers and have a fantastic ability to live away from the water, only returning to wet its gills (can also do this in wet sand) and reproduce.
| |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 10. Descubrir un pionero de manejo y conservación de dunas dentro su Asociación, Unión o División. Compartir su descubrimiento con el instructor o el grupo. --> |
| − | <!-- 10. Discover an early pioneer of dunes management and conservation within your conference, union, or division. Share your discovery with an instructor or group. --> | |
| − | [[File:Henry C Cowles in the Santa Catalina Mountains Arizona 1913.jpg|thumb|300px|Henry Chandler Cowles]]
| |
| − | Henry Chandler Cowles (1869-1939), also known as the “Father of Plant Ecology”, was an ecologist, botanist, conservationist and field teacher for the University of Chicago Botany Department. His work of many years led to the establishment of the Indiana Dunes State Park on August 25, 1916. This eventually grew and became the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in 1966.
| |
| − | {{clear}}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 11. Contar una historia de arena y sacar una lección espiritual. --> |
| − | <!-- 11. Tell a story about sand and draw a spiritual lesson. --> | |
| − | {{Bible verse
| |
| − | |book=1 Kings
| |
| − | |chapter=4
| |
| − | |verse=29
| |
| − | |text=
| |
| − | And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | Have you ever tried counting a handful of sand, or even a pinch of sand? Imagine trying to count the sand in a sand box or at a beach! It is nearly or totally impossible, even with a microscope, not to mention how much time it would take! However, in observing sand grains up close, you can see that they have different shapes, colors, sizes and textures. Rub it between your fingers and it feels smooth, yet rough. Sand is so much fun to play and dig in, make sand castles, bury your hands and feet. Sand is used to make glass, bricks, in landscaping, the abrasiveness used for polishing and sand blasting, dump trucks spread sand on icy roads to improve wheel traction, sand bags ward off rising waters and floods, mix it with cement and water to make concrete for sidewalks and buildings. Sand grains do not weigh very much, but a bucket full can be very heavy. Lots of sand in big piles is called dunes with the wind as an essential part in forming the shape and type of dune.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Life is like a sand dune. The sand grains are our daily activities, how we treat each other, what we watch and listen to, what we put into our minds and even how we take care of ourselves. The winds (problems) will come and go and be very strong at times. The shape and strength of stability in your dune will be determined by how your relationship with Jesus is. Just like the pioneer plants and forests of dunes stabilize the sand, our spirituality and faith with stabilize us for eternity.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 12. Hacer dos de las siguientes actividades: --> |
| − | <!-- 12. Do at least 2 of the following activities: --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| | {{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}} | | {{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12b --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12b --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}} <!--T:33--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}} <!--T:33--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | Here are some possibilities:
| |
| − | *http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CV4Bn1lBXH0 What's Behind the Dunes at Kauri Mountain Beach?
| |
| − | *http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ib8aMBrb6yk Outdoor Elements - Habitat Is Where It's At! (Plants of Indiana's Dunes)
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12c --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12c --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}} <!--T:34--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}} <!--T:34--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | Depending on your choice, it would be a good idea to review the [[AY Honors/Digital Photography|Digital Photography]] or [[AY Honors/Drawing|Drawing]] honor before engaging in this activity.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12d --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12d --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}} <!--T:35--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}} <!--T:35--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | {{covid|tip=This requirement would be especially fun for anyone who has been trapped at home for a while!}}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Big sand box, fans, and stuff to blow sand around? This should be a lot of fun! '''Wear eye protection,''' and make sure it is the kind that makes an air-tight seal around the face (such as safety goggles, swim goggles, or ski goggles).
| |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | File:Empiral Vision Grey goggles.jpg|Safety goggles
| |
| − | File:2018-01-01 (209) Ski goggles.jpg|Ski goggles
| |
| − | File:Lunettes natation.jpg|Swim goggles
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12e --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12e --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}} <!--T:37--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}} <!--T:37--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | Again, the [[AY Honors/Drawing|Drawing]] and the [[AY Honors/Painting|Painting]] honors have tips for creating works of art. Why not make earning one of these part of your project?
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12f --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12f --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12g}} <!--T:38--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12g}} <!--T:38--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | This choice will give you a big jump on the Dunes - Advanced Honor.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12g --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12g --> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12 --> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referencias== |
| − | ==References== | + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/es]] |
| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
