Especialidades JA/Liderazgo en la naturaleza - Avanzado/Respuestas

Demostrar algunas habilidades necesarias para el liderazgo en la naturaleza en dos de las siguientes áreas que no se hayan completado para la especialidad de Liderazgo en la naturaleza:

4a

Tropical

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Tropical leadership skills/es

4b

Desierto

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Desert leadership skills/es

4c

Pantano

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Swamp leadership skills/es

4d

Montaña (rocas, hielo, altitud elevada)

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Mountain leadership skills/es

4e

Llanura y tundra

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Plain and tundra leadership skills/es

4f

Bosque templado

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Temperate forest leadership skills/es

5

Demostrar la construcción y operación de dos tipos de trampas o trampillas.

6

Conocer los puntos a considerar en las siguientes clases de viajes:

6a

Glacial

6b

Montaña

6c

Nieve

6d

Agua

Viajar por agua significa viajar por medio de algún tipo de bote, ya sea un velero, lancha motora, bote de remos, canoa o kayak. En todos los casos, es importante que todas las personas tengan acceso a un chaleco salvavidas. Consulte las respuestas a las siguientes especialidades para obtener más información:

7

Comprender los principios del desarrollo de la fe en el liderazgo divino como se indica en el Salmo 91.

8

Entender qué medidas deben tomarse para la supervivencia en la vida silvestre/desértica.

9

Ayudar a enseñar una especialidad enumerada en el requisito 1 de la especialidad de Liderazgo en la naturaleza.

10

Construir un refugio de materiales naturales sin vida (tales como una choza de los desechos).

Debris Hut

These instructions for making a debris hut were taken from U.S. Army Field Manual, No. 21-76, Survival.

For warmth and ease of construction, this shelter is one of the best. When shelter is essential to survival, build this shelter.

To make a debris hut:

Build it by making a tripod with two short stakes and a long ridgepole or by placing one end of a long ridgepole on top of a sturdy base.
Secure the ridgepole (pole running the length of the shelter) using the tripod method or by anchoring it to a tree at about waist height.
Prop large sticks along both sides of the ridgepole to create a wedge-shaped ribbing effect. Ensure the ribbing is wide enough to accommodate your body and steep enough to shed moisture.
Place finer sticks and brush crosswise on the ribbing. These form a latticework that will keep the insulating material (grass, pine needles, leaves) from falling through the ribbing into the sleeping area.
Add light, dry, if possible, soft debris over the ribbing until the insulating material is at least 1 meter thick--the thicker the better.
Place a 30-centimeter layer of insulating material inside the shelter.
At the entrance, pile insulating material that you can drag to you once inside the shelter to close the entrance or build a door.
As a final step in constructing this shelter, add shingling material or branches on top of the debris layer to prevent the insulating material from blowing away in a storm.

Snow Shelters

Igloo construction

Another option is to build an igloo, build a snow fort, hollow out a snow drift, or build a Quinzhee (which is made by first making a pile of snow, and then hollowing it out). All of these require a considerable expenditure of energy, and it is imperative that the workers not soak their clothing with sweat while working. If you find you are sweating, remove a layer or two.

When referring to a snowhouse, igloos are shelters constructed from blocks of snow, generally in the form of a dome. Although igloos are usually associated with all Inuit, they were predominantly constructed by people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenland's Thule area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses which consisted of whalebone and hides. Snow was used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49.0 °F), but on the inside the temperature may range from −7 °C (19 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone.

Side view showing raised bed

The snow for a quinzhee need not be of the same quality as required for an igloo. Quinzhees are not usually meant as a form of permanent shelter, while igloos can be used for seasonal and year round habitation. The construction of a quinzhee is slightly easier than the construction of an igloo, although the overall result is somewhat less sturdy and more prone to collapsing in harsh weather conditions. Quinzhees are normally constructed in times of necessity, usually as an instrument of survival, so aesthetic and long-term dwelling considerations are normally exchanged for economy of time and materials.

To build a quinzhee, begin by making a large pile of snow about 2 meters high, and 3 meters in diameter. You can optionally start the pile with large, easily removed items, such as a couple of backpacks. This will make it easier to hollow out the pile, but if you find yourself in need of something in your pack before the pack has been freed, you will have to wait. Once the pile has been built, let it set for an hour or two. This allows the snow to undergo a process called sintering which binds the ice crystals together. Before you begin hollowing it out though, find several sticks 20-30 cm long. Break them until they are all the same length, then jam them straight into the pile until they disappear. These will help you gauge the thickness of the walls as you hollow out the center. Then, using a shovel, start removing snow. Dig a tunnel first, then enlarge it. Stop digging in an area when you find one of the gauge sticks inserted previously. The last step it to create a couple of ventilation holes. These should be small tunnels about 5 cm in diameter, positioned not at the top of the quinzhee, but not far from it either.

In any of these structures, it is important to make the resting area higher than the floor. This is because cold air sinks, so the coldest place inside a snow shelter will be on the floor.

11

Planificar y participar en la experiencia en una semana de campamento de vida primitiva, aplicando los principios y las habilidades aprendidas en esta especialidad.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Leading a wilderness trip

References