Especialidades JA/Imprenta/Respuestas

Imprenta

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1929

Version

23.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

Saber cómo funcionan los siguientes dispositivos de impresión:

1a

Imprenta en línea

1b

Impresión offset

1c

Fotocopiadora

1d

Impresora tipográfica

2

Saber qué significa la referencia de las libras en la determinación del peso de papel. Saber para qué utilizan las siguientes clases de papel:

2a

Offset

2b

Bond

2c

Cover weight

2d

Index (índice)

3

Visitar una imprenta o empresa de un periódico. Escribir un reporte de 300 palabras o dar un informe oral de tres minutos sobre las medidas adaptadas en el proceso de impresión que se observó.

4

Hacer algunas investigaciones para aprender acerca de la historia de la imprenta. Trazar el desarrollo de la imprenta aprendiendo como el proceso de impresión ha progresado hasta el presente.

5

Conocer las diferentes tintas para impresión disponibles y sus características.

Commercial printing inks.

6

Conocer el significado de los siguientes términos:

6a

Imprimir a ambos lados

6b

Sábana/cilindro de goma

6c

Margen de sangrado

6d

Negrilla

6e

Arte listo de cámara (impresión)

6f

Leyenda

Short text describing an image or picture immediately next to the image or picture.

6g

Imágenes de arte

This is graphics and other source material (sometimes in a clip art book) that you 'clip' or cut out and 'paste-up' into 'camera ready' work.

6h

Recopilar (collate)

Sorting printed material in a precise order.

6i

Separación de colores

To print color photos, the pictures must be divided into four colors - red, yellow, blue, and black. These four colors are then printed separately on the same page, with all the other colors being made by combining these four.

6j

Impresión de contacto

Much like in photography, this is placing a negative in direct 'contact' with the camera's plate and then exposing this 'sandwich' for a short time to a light source.

6k

Repujado

This is the reverse of 'Embossing' where the image is depressed into the paper surface. In embossing, the image is raised.

6l

Relieve

Imprinting an image by pressing it into the paper forming a raised relief.

6m

Grabado

This is a printing method which uses a printing plate (or die) which has an image cut into the printing surface. (Die: a stamp used to press an image or design). This is a type of 'Intaglio' printing.

6n

Fuente

The appearance/characteristics of the letters that makes up a typeface. Courier, Times Roman, Arial, are examples of different fonts.

6o

Imágenes fantasma (ghosting)

A faint copy of an image appearing on a page where it was unintended.

6p

Calcografía (intaglio)

Intaglio (pronounced in-TAL-yo) is a printmaking technique in which the image is incised into a surface. Normally, copper or zinc plates are used as a surface, and the incisions are created by etching, engraving, or some other method. To print an intaglio plate, the surface is covered in ink, and then rubbed vigorously with a special cloth or with newsprint to remove the ink from the surface, leaving it only in the incisions. A damp piece of paper is placed on top, and the plate and paper are run through a printing press that, through pressure, transfers the ink from the recesses of the plate to the paper.

6q

Alineado (jog)

Aligning the printed material on two adjoining edges. You would do this, for example, so that you can cut the printed material, bind, or, other finishing tasks.

6r

Mate

A dull, flat ink finish.

6s

Negativos

A reverse-color image. In a black and white negative, areas that are supposed to be white are black, and areas that are supposed to be black are white.

6t

Maqueta (paste up)

'Paste'-ing clip art, words, pictures, onto a page to create what you want the page to look like, resulting in 'camera ready' work.

6u

Registro

To line up a piece of paper for printing so that the printed material is placed in the correct position on the page. This is important especially when printing separate colors in the 4-color process.

6v

Tinta transferida no deseada

Unwanted transfer of ink from the top (printed) side of one sheet to the underside of another sheet after having been printed.

6w

Mostrar a través de

When printing on one side of a page can be seen on the other side of the page.

6x

Termo-grafía

This mostly refers to printing using a special process (ink, dusting powder, and a heat process) to create raised letters on the resulting printed paper. Mostly done on business cards, letterheads, envelopes, invitations.

6y

Marca de agua

A light design on a sheet of paper which can be easily seen if the sheet is held up to a light. U.S. currency has a lot of watermarking.

6z

Trabajar y girar

The process of printing one side of a paper and then flipping it left-to-right and printing the opposite side using the same guide rails.

7

Conocer la diferencia entre el medio-tono, semi-tono y el proceso de cuatro colores.

Left: Shows the half-tone dots when magnified. Right: shows how this would appear normally.

Half-tone : this simulates a continuous shade of an image by using equally spaced dots of different sizes. See the Wikipedia article on Halftone

Duo-tone image made up of blue and black

Duo-tone : is a Half-tone picture made up of two printed colors. See the Wikipedia article on Duotone. This seems to have become also a generic word for 'color separation' printing like the four color process below. Duo-tone would only be using TWO colors.

Four-color process : is the process of combining the four basic printing colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, black), to create a picture, image, or colors.

8

Entrevistar a un tipógrafo e impresor para averiguar lo siguiente:

Go interview a printer and get answers to the following questions. Enjoy!

8a

¿Qué educación es necesaria para entrar en el campo de la impresión?

8b

¿Qué oportunidades de promoción están disponibles en el campo de la impresión?

8c

¿Cuál es el futuro de la industria de la imprenta?

8d

¿Qué hace usted en su negocio para mantener los clientes contentos?

8e

¿Qué oportunidades de carrera relacionados con la impresión están disponibles?

References

• http://www.printusa.com/glos.htm Glossary of printing terms
• http://www.canadaprintquotes.com/printing101/what_is_a_webpress.asp What is a web press?