Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Basic Rescue/Answer Key"

Revision as of 17:13, 27 December 2006

1. What is the definition of an emergency rescue?

A rescue is the act of removing someone from danger. An Emergency Rescue is a technical term for a rescue taking place under hazardous circumstances and with high risk to the rescue personel, but must be done immediately to save a person's life. In this type of scenario to say a person is in immediate danger may be understated, normally if not removed from their circumstance as quickly as possible the victim will die quite soon. Technical rescues and rescue are descriptive of many types of circumstances, in all cases the victim is in danger. A cat up a tree or an otherwise uninjured person stuck in a crashed car are not likely to die in moments but will need to be rescued from their circumstance by someone with the means and skill to do so.

2. Show how to safely rescue a person from the following situations:

3. Show three ways of attracting and communicating with rescue aircraft.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Signaling aircraft

4. Know six indications for the need of an immediate rescue.

The victim has stopped breathing
The victim has severe bleeding
The victim has is being electrically shocked
The victim has a heart attack
There is a fire
The victim is drowning
The victim has been poisoned

5. Know six procedures to follow before moving a victim from a life-threatening situation.

The first task is to assess the whole situation and to plan the rescue.
Be sure you can perform the rescue without injuring yourself.
Make sure that moving the victim will not cause additional injury.
Know where you intend to move the victim before lifting him.
If bystanders must be used, it is essential that they be briefed in thorough detail on what you want them to do.
Unless the danger is immediate, any first aid should be given before moving the victim.
If you suspect a spinal injury, do not move the victim.

6. Know five principles involved in moving a victim from a life-threatening situation

Be sure that it is necessary to move the victim. If it is not, do not move the victim.
Know how you will move the victim before trying to move him.
Know where you will move the victim before trying to move him.
Be sure that you are able to lift the victim before lifting him. If the victim is too heavy, drag him instead.
Maintain your balance. Do not start the move from an unbalanced position.
Keep your footing throughout the move.

7. Know the proper ways to help a victim, without assistance, in the following:

a. Pulling the victim

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Shoulder drag

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Blanket drag

b. Lifting the victim

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Firemans carry

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Pack strap carry

c. Assisting a victim in walking

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Support carry

8. Know the proper way to help a victim, with assistance, in the following:

a. Chair carry

b. Fore-and-aft carry

A The shorter bearer spreads the casualty's legs, kneels between the legs with his back to the casualty, and positions his hands behind the casualty's knees. The taller bearer kneels at the casualty's head, slides his hands under the arms and across the chest, and locks his hands. B The bearers rise together, lifting the casualty. C Alternate position, facing casualty.

c. Two-handed and four-handed seats

Two-hand seat carry

Four-hand seat carry

The two-hand seat carry is used in carrying a casualty for a short distance and in placing him on a litter.

Only a conscious casualty can be transported with the four-hand seat carry because he must help support himself by placing his arms around the bearers' shoulders. This carry is especially useful in transporting the casualty with a head or foot injury and is used when the distance to be traveled is moderate. It is also useful for placing a casualty on a litter.

d. Blanket carry

An improvised stretcher made from a blanket.

The casualty is placed in the middle of the blanket lying on his back. Three or four people kneel on each side and roll the edges of the blanket toward the casualty, as shown in part A of the figure. When the rolled edges are tight and large enough to grasp securely, the casualty should be lifted and carried as shown in part B of the figure.

e. Three-man hammock carry with victim in supine and prone position

f. Three- or four-man lift

g. Six-man lift and carry

9. Know how to properly use a stretcher and carry a victim on a stretcher. Know how to make an improvised litter.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Litter carry

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Improvised litter

10. Know how to properly use ropes and knots as follows:

a. Tie knots for joining ropes together

Template:Knot sheetbend

Template:Knot square Do not let life depend on a square knot. It is unreliable. Its proper use in basic rescue is in securing the ends of a bandage.

Template:Knot surgeons

b. Tie knots for shortening a rope

Template:Knot sheepshank

c. Tie knots for use around a person for a rescue

Template:Knot bowline

d. Coil and accurately throw a light and a heavy 50-foot (15.2 m) rope.

Seperate the rope into two equal sized coils, with a little less than half the rope in each coil. Choose one end that you will hang on to, and grasp it firmly in the palm of one hand, using the three smallest fingers to hold it securely. Hold the rest of that coil between the index finger and thumb, and hold the other coil in the other hand. Take aim, and throw both coils toward the victim at the same time while retaining your grip on the end. If you have difficulty with this, try standing on the end of the rope you wish to keep with you. Using this method, you can throw the rope quite a bit farther than if you had thrown a single coil. This is because the second coil will not begin to unravel until the first one uncoils. Practice until you can hit a target with the rope from the 50-foot (15 meter) mark.

11. What steps should be taken before reporting a lost person? What information will be needed when reporting a lost person? How is a search for a lost person conducted in a wilderness area?

Before reporting:

Children

If at home check your home carefully, contact your child's friends and your neighbors quickly to see if your child is with one of them. If at a store or mall contact management or security and have the child paged, if needed many stores today will "lock down" until all people and places are checked. If in a public place, do not panic. Try a high spot such as a chair or table to get a better vantage, and contact the facility management if there is one.

Gather yourself and be prepared to provide information to the police that will be relevant to the search for your child.

Adult

Adults must be missing for 24 hours and in some places 48 hours before a report can be filed. Contact known friends, work, and hang outs before reporting an adult missing. Adults who are mentally unstable for any reason or in need of medication for survival can normally be reported immediately as missing.

Those on outings

If you are expecting loved ones to return from an outing and they are overdue be sure to contact their various phones and their home before calling authorities. If this is travel, some delays may be caused by weather and other circumstances that can be checked by calling the airport or travel authority for their means of travel. Road conditions can normally be checked through the state's department of transportation or the department of public safety (Highway Patrol). For those who were camping, hiking, or the like you will contact the forest/park authority for weather and road issues.

Be sure to have information on planned hiking routes and camping locations left behind by your loved ones so they can be used in a search if needed.

What will be needed

The more detailed your physical description to police can be the better. The color of eyes, hair and skin are needed but are not truly distictive. Pictures are best and any identifying marks such as scars will help to identify a particular person quite well. The clothes the missing or lost person was wearing when last seen are very helpful too, as well as details on the vehicle(s) any adults may have been driving when last seen.

Age, date of birth, and other personal details such as family nicknames and family known information are helpful in child abduction cases. This information can not only be used to identify a child but to retrieve the child and gain trust with police. The person's doctor and dentist will also be helpful so have those names ready if possible.

Searches

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First Aid/Searches

References

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 ;Searches:
-In wilderness areas searches are conducted in an ever widening circle normally.  All available resources are used including hunting dogs, aircraft, search hikers, and mounted search personnel.  When a person is lost in the wilderness there is rarely any expense spared in the search for the person.  If details are known about intended camping sites and hiking routes then teams will be sent to investigate those locations directly while others are sent into line of site search patterns where from the best known location for the missing person(s) was outward with each searcher being within site of the next.  This will also be done in staggered waves so that any evidence overlooked by one searcher might be found by the next.  When the area becomes large enough to make line of site searches impractical the teams will be broken into zones using a search grid.  A team of two or more will be assigned some small piece of the the map area to search, all areas will be searched repeatedly for missed evidence or people.  All the while roadways and known paths will have searches, or outposts on them in case the victim is still mobile and trying to work his way out of his circumstance.  Aircraft will search in grids as well when weather provides.  At night some aircraft may utilize heat sensors to try and identify people in the wilderness, this has proven effective at times and at other times not.  When an aircraft identifies a possible victim a search team in the grid will respond to the location, sometimes they find nothing; other times they find animals.  If a person is seeking shelter in a very cold area, he may have burrowed deep enough into a location as to defeat the heat sensors on any aircraft as was the case with a child in Arizona who hid among some cactus which cool greatly at night.  This particular child had evaded rescuers intentionally for more than a day because he was not supposed to talk to strangers.
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