Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Optics/Answer Key/es"

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< AY Honors‎ | OpticsAY Honors/Optics/Answer Key/es
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|year=1962
 
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<!-- 2. Explicar cómo se comporta la luz cuando choca o atraviesa agua, aceite, feldespato y un espejo. -->
 
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<!-- 3. Name and draw diagrams of three kinds of positive lenses and three kinds of negative lenses. -->
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<!-- 3. Nombrar y dibujar diagramas de tres tipos de lentes positivas y tres de lentes negativos. -->
  
 
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<!-- 4. What should be the minimum distance of light source from the lens when testing for focal length? -->
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<!-- 4. ¿Cuál debe ser la mínima distancia de la fuente de luz de un lente cuando se prueba la longitud focal? -->
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[[Image:Lens calc.png|thumb|450px|Measuring the focal point]]
 
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It depends on how accurately you want to measure the focal length.  The focal length can be determined by the equation:
 
  
 
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<!-- 5. Find the focal length of at least four lenses, one being a negative lens. -->
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<!-- 5. Encontrar la longitud focal de al menos cuatro lentes, uno debe ser una lente negativa. -->
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[[Image:FocalLength.jpg|thumb|400px|Finding the focal length of a positive lens]]
 
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===Positive Lens===
 
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Set a ruler on end on a work surface (a table, sidewalk, or a wood board). Using a bright light (such as the sun) as the light source, hold the lens against the ruler and slide it up and down the ruler until the light is focused on the work surface.  The point on the ruler that the focused lens touches is to be recorded as the Focal Length for that lens.
 
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===Negative Lens===
 
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[[Image:Sistema afocale 2.png]]
 
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Measuring the focal length of a negative lens is more difficult because light going through it does not converge to form an image.  Instead, you will need to place a positive lens between the light source and the negative lens.  Move the lenses and screen around until the light is focused.
 
  
 
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<!-- 6. Explain by diagram why an image from a positive lens makes an image reversed and inverted. -->
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[[Image:Dispersion_prism.jpg|thumb|200px‎]]
 
  
 
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<!-- 9. Construct one optical instrument using mirrors or lenses, such as a periscope, a slide or opaque projector, or a simple telescope. -->
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<!-- 9. Construir un instrumento óptico usando espejos o lentes, como un periscopio, una diapositiva o proyector de opacos o un simple telescopio. -->
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===Periscope===
 
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[[Image:Simpleperiscopes.png|thumb|350px|right|'''Principle of the periscope.'''<br>
 
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'''A''' - Periscope using two plane mirrors.<br>
 
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''' B''' - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.<br>
 
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'''1 - 2''' - Plane mirrors.<br>
 
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'''3 - 4''' - Right–angled prisms.<br>
 
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'''5 - 6'''  - Observer eye.<br>
 
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'''7 - 8''' - Periscope tube.<br>
 
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'''H''' - Periscope optical height.<br>
 
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'''Different types of periscopes:'''<br>
 
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Lens periscopes. [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periscope_1.png]<br>Handheld periscope. [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handheld_periscope.png]<br> Submarine periscope.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Attack_periscope.png]]]
 
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A periscope is an instrument for observation from a concealed position. In its simplest form it is a tube in each end of which are mirrors set parallel to each other and at an angle of 45° with a line between them.
 
  
 
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===Reflecting Telescope===
 
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[[Image:Newtontelescope.png|thumb|right|300px|'''Diagram of  Newtonian reflector''']]
 
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[[Image:Newtonian.PNG]]
 
 
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In this diagram, light enters the telescope tube from the left and strikes the primary mirror (which is concave).  Light is then focused onto the secondary mirror mounted on a set of struts, and is then reflected out the side of the tube to the eyepiece.
 
  
 
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<!-- 10. Explain what is meant by the term 6x35 and 7x50 as applied to binoculars. -->
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<!-- 10. Explicar qué entiende por el término 6x35 y 7x50 tal como se aplica a los prismáticos/binoculares. -->
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[[Image:Porro binocular.jpg|thumb|right|300px|'''A typical Porro prism binoculars design''']]
 
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The numbers used for describing binoculars give the power followed by the diameter of the objective lens (The largest diameter lens) in millimeters. This means that 6x35 have a magnifying power of 6x and have a diameter of 35mm.
 
  
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The power represents how much bigger an object appears than with the unaided eye. You can also think of how many times closer it appears to be. The diameter lets you know how much light is gathered by the lens. A 50mm objective lens gathers much more light than a 35mm objective lens. Because the amount of light that is gathered increases if we increase the area  that the light hits, we can calculate the light gathering of a lens using the area of a circle:
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Area of lens= π  (radius of lens)<math>^2</math>
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|+Numbers that Describe Binoculars
 
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| Binocular Specification || Magnifying Power || Diameter of objective  (mm) || Area of objective <math>mm^2</math> || Light gathering power (compared to unaided eye)     
 
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|Unaided Eye || 1x || 8|| 50.265|| 1x
 
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|10x25 || 10x || 25 || 490.8738 || 9.7x
 
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|6x35 || 6x || 35 || 962.11275 || 19.14x
 
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| 7x50 || 7x || 50 || 1,963.495 || 39.06x
 
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The 50mm objective lens collects 2.0408... times more light than a 35mm objective lens. If you are in a dark environment, you will get twice as much light with the 7x50 binoculars than with a 6x35. The 7x50 binoculars has more magnifying power (7/6 or 1.167 times) than the 6x35 binoculars.
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The higher the first number, the larger things appear, but the harder it is to hold the binoculars steady. Above 10x most people need a tripod to hold it steady enough to be useful. The higher the second number, the more light gathering power, which allows you to continue to see even in low light conditions, but the binoculars are much heavier as well.
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Knowing what the numbers on a pair of binoculars mean is important as you are choosing which ones are best for you, but binoculars are a very personal thing, so try them before you buy them.
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<!-- 11. Define the term "f/stop" as used in connection with cameras. What does it mean when a lens is fast or slow? Is an f/8.5 lens faster or slower than an f/8 lens? -->
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<!-- 11. Definir el término «f/parada», tal como se utiliza en relación con las cámaras. ¿Qué significa que un lente es rápido o lento? Un F/8.5 es un lente más rápido o más lento que un lente f /8? -->
  
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A faster lens has a lower f-number, and lets in more light than a slower lens. The f-number is the ratio of the diameter of the entrance pupil to the focal length of the lens.
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<math>f\ number = \frac {Focal\ length} {Diameter\ of\ objective}</math>
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The two parameters that define the f-number of an optical system are:
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;Focal Length
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:The longer the focal length, the more magnifying power the optical system has. You will choose a very long focal length lens if you wish to photograph birds, and a short focal length lens to photograph scenic shots such as a panarama.
 
  
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;Diameter of the lens
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:The larger the diameter the more light is let in. So to have a fast lens, you will need a large diameter lens, and the longer the focal length, the larger the diameter needs to be to have the same speed. A 50mm f/4 lens will have a diameter of 12.5 mm, but a 400mm f/4 lens will have a diameter of 100mm.
 
  
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The advantage of a faster lens is that there is more light, so it is easier to see, and for photography, you can keep the exposure time low.
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The disadvantage of a fast lens is that it is heavier, and has less depth of field.
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==References==
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==Referencias==
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* http://www.tradeshop.com/gems/feldspar.html
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/es]]
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Latest revision as of 18:38, 16 September 2021

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français
Óptica

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1962

Version

01.06.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Optics AY Honor.png
Óptica
Salud y ciencia
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1962
Vea también
Maestría de Salud y Ciencia


1

Definir y/o dibujar un diagrama de lo siguiente:


1a

Longitud focal



1b

Lente positivo



1c

Lente negativo



1d

Dos tipos de distorsión



1e

Color longitudinal



1f

Color lateral



1g

Aberración esférica



1h

Lente acromática



1i

Refracción de la luz




2

Explicar cómo se comporta la luz cuando choca o atraviesa agua, aceite, feldespato y un espejo.



3

Nombrar y dibujar diagramas de tres tipos de lentes positivas y tres de lentes negativos.



4

¿Cuál debe ser la mínima distancia de la fuente de luz de un lente cuando se prueba la longitud focal?



5

Encontrar la longitud focal de al menos cuatro lentes, uno debe ser una lente negativa.



6

Explicar por medio de un diagrama por qué una imagen positiva de un lente hace que una imagen se vea invertida.



7

Mostrar con diagrama cómo funciona un prisma. Mencionar los ángulos que los colores aparecen y desaparecen.



8

Demostrar lo que ocurre cuando la luz golpea en un vidrio de un solo sentido (opaco o semitransparente).



9

Construir un instrumento óptico usando espejos o lentes, como un periscopio, una diapositiva o proyector de opacos o un simple telescopio.



10

Explicar qué entiende por el término 6x35 y 7x50 tal como se aplica a los prismáticos/binoculares.



11

Definir el término «f/parada», tal como se utiliza en relación con las cámaras. ¿Qué significa que un lente es rápido o lento? Un F/8.5 es un lente más rápido o más lento que un lente f /8?




Referencias

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