Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Geology/Answer Key/es"

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<!-- 1. Give the geological meaning of the following words: -->
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Image:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|Satellite image of the Nile '''River Delta'''
 
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Image:Baltic spits.png|The three narrow strips of land shown here are '''spits''' in the Baltic  Sea
 
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Image:DeadSeaSinkhole.jpg|'''Sinkholes''' near the Dead Sea
 
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Image:Oxbow lake.jpg|Map of an '''oxbow''' lake
 
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Image:Moraine mediane Arsine.JPG|'''Moraine''', glacier and lake of Arsine, Écrins National Parc, French Alps
 
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Image:Iceberg Cirque.jpg|Iceberg '''Cirque''', Glacier National Park, USA
 
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Image:Mesa raymine.jpg|'''Mesa''' at Ray Mine (Arizona, USA)
 
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Image:Mini Alluvial Fan Imprinted with Footprints.jpg|A small '''alluvial fan'''.
 
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[[Image:Anticline.jpg|thumb|250px|An '''anticline''' on the left, a '''syncline''' on the right.]]
 
 
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====Volcanic Mountains====
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[[Image:Volcano.jpeg|thumb|Mount St. Helens in May 1980, shortly after the eruption of May 18]]
 
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A volcano is an opening (or rupture) in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time.
 
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When a river reaches a low-lying plain in its final course to the sea or a lake, it meanders widely. Sediments are deposited on the inside (convex) bank because the current there slows. In contrast, both lateral erosion and undercutting occur on the outside (concave) bank where the stream’s speed is the highest.  The faster current on the outside of a bend is able to pick up sediments and transport them further downstream.
 
  
 
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First, let's define what these three types of rock are:
 
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;Sedimentary: Sedimentary rock is formed when sediments carried by wind or water settle and turn to stone.
 
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;Metamorphic: Metamorphic rock is formed when another type of rock is transformed by great heat and pressure.
 
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;Igneous: Igneous rock is formed when lava cools and solidifies.
 
  
 
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[[Image:Graded bed.png|thumb|250px|Normal graded bedding]]
 
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The size of a particle that a stream can transport depends on the stream's speed as well as the size and density of the particle.  In general, the faster the current, the larger the particle that can be transported.  As a stream slows, it drops the largest particles first.  As it slows more, it continues to drop finer and finer particles.  When the current stops, all sediments are deposited.  In the diagram note how the sediment at the top is much finer than the sediment at the bottom.  This natural sorting mechanism occurs whenever sediments are deposited, and can be used to detect boundaries between sedimentation events.  A normal graded sediment indicates that the sediment layer has not been overturned since it was deposited, while an inverted bed (finer particles at the bottom, larger ones on top) indicates that the sedimentation layer was overturned after its deposition.
 
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[[Image:Sand Norderney.jpg|thumb|300px|Ripple marks in sand]]
 
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In this photo, the wind was blowing from left to right.  The left sides of the ripples have gentler slopes, while the right sides have steeper slopes.  As the wind breaks over the top of the ripples, it forms eddy currents (circulating wind) which make the lee side steeper than the windward side.
 
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[[Image:Eroded paddock.jpg|thumb|300px|Gulley erosion]]
 
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A gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys, but are meters to tens of meters in depth and width.
 
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A 'soil profile' is a cross section through the soil which reveals its layers.
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:O) Organic matter: Litter layer of plant residues in relatively undecomposed form.
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:A) Surface soil: Layer of mineral soil with most organic matter accumulation and soil life.  This layer eluviates (is depleted of) iron, clay, aluminum, organic compounds, and other soluble constituents. When eluviation is pronounced, a lighter colored "E" subsurface soil horizon is apparent at the base of the "A" horizon.
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:B) Subsoil: Layer of alteration below an "E" or "A" horizon. This layer accumulates iron, clay, aluminum and organic compounds, a process referred to as illuviation.
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[[Image:WayaWayasewa.jpg|thumb|300px|The islands of Waya and Wayasewa connected by a tidal sandbar, Yasawa Group, Fiji.]]
 
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Latest revision as of 17:48, 13 April 2021

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français
GeologyGeología

Nivel de destreza

1

Año

1975

Version

29.05.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Geology AY Honor.png
GeologyGeología
Estudio de la naturaleza
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1975
Vea también
Maestría de Conservación
Geocaching geológica
Geología - Avanzado


1

Dar el significado de las siguientes palabras:


1a

Delta



1b

Banco de arena



1c

Hundimiento de tierra



1d

Lago en un meandro (forma de herradura)



1e

Morrena



1f

Circo glaciar



1g

Meseta



1h

Abanico aluvial



1i

Anticlinal



1j

Sinclinal




2

Describir los siguientes puntos:


2a

Un volcán tipo escudo, en comparación a un volcán compuesto



2b

¿Cómo se mueve un glaciar y qué evidencias deja atrás?



2c

¿Cómo son los sedimentos establecidos por agua?



2d

Las diferentes clases de montañas



2e

¿Por qué un río o arroyo continua a menudo cavando en el exterior de una curva?




3

Saber qué clase de rocas (sedimentarias, metamórficas, o ígneas) son las siguientes:



3a

Granito


Ígnea


3b

Arenisca


Sedimentaria


3c

Conglomerado


Sedimentaria


3d

Esquito (pizarra)


Metamórfica


3e

Pizarra (roca)


Sedimentaria


3f

Mármol


Metamórfica


3g

Lava


Ígnea


3h

Caliza


Sedimentaria


3i

Basalto


Ígnea


3j

Gneis


Metamórfica



4

Tomar una fotografía o realizar un boceto de cada una de las siguientes características geológicas:


4a

Una cama de sedimento que es más tosca en la parte inferior y más fina hacia la parte superior (esto se llama sedimento normalmente graduado).



4b

Marcas de ondas en la arena o el barro (mostrar con una flecha la dirección de la corriente si es posible).



4c

Erosión en forma de canal.



4d

Grietas de barro (estas pueden ser encontradas por lo general después de una tormenta o inundación cuando el lodo comienza a secarse).



4e

Perfil del suelo a lo largo de un arroyo o de un corte de carretera (debe poder ver cómo se convierte por lo general en colores claros bajo de la superficie en el terreno).



4f

Banco de arena (barras de arena se pueden encontrar en los ríos o arroyos, o a lo largo del océano).





Referencias

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