AY Honors/Cetaceans/Answer Key/es

Cetáceos

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

2001

Version

22.12.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

¿De qué manera la familia de los cetáceos es distinto a la mayoría de los demás seres vivos marinos?

2

Explicar la diferencia entre las ballenas barbadas y las dentadas.

3

¿De qué manera las ballenas y los delfines han sido un beneficio para el hombre?

4

Explicar cómo es que una ballena que se reproduce en las aguas cálidas de los trópicos puede también sobre vivir al agua helada de la Antártida, donde se van a alimentar (considerando que la ballena es un mamífero de sangre caliente como los humanos).

5

Memorizar los siguientes textos bíblicos en relación con las ballenas:

5a

Génesis 1:21

Y creó Dios los grandes monstruos marinos y todo ser viviente que se mueve, que las aguas produjeron según su especie, y toda ave alada según su especie. Y vio Dios que era bueno.
-- Génesis 1:21 (RVR1995)

5b

Ezequiel 32:2

«Hijo de hombre, entona una lamentación por el faraón, rey de Egipto, y dile:

»“A leoncillo de naciones eres semejante,

y eres como el dragón en los mares;

pues secabas tus ríos,

enturbiabas las aguas con tus pies

y pisoteabas sus riberas.
-- Ezequiel 32:2 (RVR1995)

5c

Job 7:12

¿Acaso soy yo el mar, o un monstruo marino,

para que me pongas vigilancia?
-- Job 7:12 (RVR1995)

5d

Mateo 12:40

Como estuvo Jonás en el vientre del gran pez tres días y tres noches, así estará el Hijo del hombre en el corazón de la tierra tres días y tres noches.
-- Mateo 12:40 (RVR1995)

6

Escribir y leer a un grupo, o decir de memoria, la historia de Jonás.

Vaya más allá de la parte acerca de Jonás y la ballena que todos conocen. Hay un libro bíblico completo (breve) acerca de Jonás.

Si está enseñando esta especialidad a su unidad, puede hacer que vuelvan a contar la historia (y representarla) para un culto en un campamento o en una reunión regular. También puede hacer que sus Conquistadores cuenten la historia durante el servicio regular de la iglesia, si su iglesia tiene un tiempo asignado para la historia infantil. Alternativamente, puede hacer que lo escriban y se lo lean a usted (o al grupo).

7

Dibujar de manera exitosa una ballena barbada e identificar donde están las siguientes partes del cuerpo:

7a

Placas barbas

7b

Orificio nasal

7c

Aleta dorsal

7d

Oído

7e

Ojo

7f

Pliegues ventrales

7g

Aleta caudal

7h

Aletas

7i

Conducto uro-genital

7j

Muesca central

7k

Pedúnculo caudal

8

Ser capaz de identificar por lo menos 15 cetáceos.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Delphinapterus leucas/es Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Monodon monoceros/es

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Berardius Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Hyperoodon Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Ziphius cavirostris

Family Phocoenidae: Porpoises

Porpoises are small cetaceans that are distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" has been used to refer to any small dolphin, especially by sailors and fishermen. The most obvious visible difference between the two groups is porpoises have spatulate (flattened) teeth distinct from the conical teeth of dolphins. Porpoises rear more young more quickly than dolphins. They have small flippers, notched tail flukes, and no beaks. All carry at least 11 pairs of small teeth in their upper and lower jaws.

Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore.

Neophocaena phocaenoides

Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides)

Dónde se encuentra: The Finless Porpoise lives in the coastal waters of Asia, especially around India, China, Indonesia and Japan. A unique fresh water population is found in the Yangtze River. At the western end, their range includes the length of the western coast of India and continues up into the Persian Gulf. Throughout their range, the porpoises stay in shallow waters (up to 50m), close to the shore, in waters with soft or sandy seabeds. In exceptional cases they have been encountered as far as 100 miles off-shore in the East China and Yellow Seas, albeit still in shallow water.

Descripción: The Finless Porpoise almost completely lacks a dorsal fin. Instead there is a low ridge covered in thick denticulated skin. Adult Finless porpoises are a uniform light grey color. Infants are mostly black with grey around the dorsal ridge area, becoming grey after 4-6 months.

Phocoena phocaena

Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocaena)

Dónde se encuentra: The Harbour Porpoise, as its name implies, stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries and as such is the most familiar porpoise to whale watchers. This porpoise often ventures up rivers and has been seen hundreds of miles from the sea.

Descripción: The Harbour Porpoise is a little smaller than the other porpoises. It is about 75 cm long at birth. Males grow up to 1.6 m and females to 1.7 m. The females are correspondingly heavier, with a maximum weight of around 76 kg compared with the males' 61 kg. The body is robust and the animal is at its maximum girth just in front of its triangular dorsal fin. The beak is poorly demarcated. The flippers, dorsal fin, tail fin and back are a dark grey. The sides are a slightly speckled lighter grey. The underside is much whiter, though there are usually grey stripes running along the throat from the underside of the mouth to the flippers.

Family Delphinidae: Oceanic Dolphins

Dolphins, including the river dolphins, comprise 45 species out of the 90 Cetacean species. Six species in the family Delphinidae are commonly called "whales", but genetically are dolphins. They are sometimes called blackfish. These are the Melon-headed whale, (Peponocephala electra) Killer whale/Orca (Orcinus orca). Pygmy killer whale, (Feresa attenuata), False killer whale, (Pseudorca crassidens), Long-finned pilot whale, (Globicephala melas) and the Short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)

Orcinus orca

Orca, or killer whale (Orcinus orca)

Dónde se encuentra: The orca is found in all the world's oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to warm, tropical seas.

Descripción: The Orca or Killer Whale is the largest species of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). Orcas are versatile predators, with some populations feeding mostly on fish and others on other marine mammals, including large whales. Wild orcas are usually not considered a threat to humans.

Tursiops truncatus

Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Dónde se encuentra: The Bottlenose dolphin inhabits warm and temperate seas worldwide and may be found in all but the Arctic and the Antarctic Oceans.

Descripción: The Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and well-known dolphin species. They are gray, varying from dark gray at the top near the dorsal fin to very light gray and almost white at the underside. This makes them harder to see both from above and below when swimming. The elongated upper and lower jaws form what is called the rostrum and give the animals their name of Bottlenose. The real nose however is the blowhole on top of the head, and the nasal septum is visible when the blowhole is open. Their face shows a characteristic "smile".

Delphinus delphis

Common dolphin (Delphinus delphis)

Dónde se encuentra: The common dolphin is widely distributed in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical waters throughout the world in a band roughly spanning 40 degrees south to 50 degrees north. The species typically prefer enclosed bodies of water such as the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Deep off-shore waters and to a lesser extent over continental shelves are preferred to shallow waters. Some populations may be present all year round, others appear to move in a migratory pattern. Preferred surface water temperature is 10-28 degrees Celsius.

Descripción: Common dolphins travel in groups of around 10-50 in number and frequently gather into schools numbering 100 to 2000 individuals. These schools are generally very active - groups often surface, jump and splash together. Typical behavior includes breaching, tail-slapping, chin-slapping, bow-riding and porpoising.

Superfamily Platanistoidea: River Dolphins (fresh water dwelling)

River Dolphins are part of the toothed whale group but are uniquely adapted to living in fresh water.

• Family Iniidae: river dolphins

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Inia geoffrensis

• Family Lipotidae: baiji

Adventist Youth Honors Answers Book/Species Account/Lipotes vexillifer

• Family Platanistidae: South Asian river dolphin

Adventist Youth Honors Answers Book/Species Account/Platanista gangetica

• Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata river dolphin

Adventist Youth Honors Answers Book/Species Account/Pontoporia blainvillei

Notes

This honor has significant overlap with Marine Mammals. Why not teach or earn them both at the same time?

References

Wikipedia articles

• Blubber
• Cetacea
• Dolphin

Other references

• Education, conservation, and research from the world's first cetacean protection organization.
• Marinebio.org