AY Honors/Basketball/Answer Key/es

Baloncesto
Asociación General Actividades recreacionales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1999

Requisitos

1

Conocer las normas básicas del baloncesto.

2

¿Cuál es el significado de un «buen espíritu deportivo»?

3

Definir los siguientes términos:

3a

Balón al aire

3b

Tablero

3c

Cancha de defensa

3d

Cancha de ataque

3e

Línea de fondo

3f

Bloqueo

3g

Pase de balanceo

3h

Doble rebote

3i

Regatear

3j

Finta

3k

Rápido rompimiento

3l

Tira a tabla

3m

Fuera por faltas

3n

Pasar y cortar

3o

De entrada

3p

Falta intencional

3q

Balón en suspensión

3r

La botella

3s

Falta técnica

3t

Hombre a hombre

3u

Uno y uno

3v

Perímetro

3w

3x

Presión

3y

Rebote

3z

Tiro de reloj

3aa

Robar el balón

3bb

Faltas del equipo

3cc

Atrapar

3dd

Caminar

3ee

Pase contrario

3ff

Defensa en la zona

3gg

Centro

3hh

Delanteros

3ii

Guardias o escoltas

3jj

Tiro de salto

3kk

Bandeja

3ll

A bank shot is a shot that relies on the ball bouncing off backboard and into the basket. It is mostly used for mid-ranged jump shots from an angle (usually at the elbow) and layups.

3mm

Mate

A slam dunk (or simply a dunk) is a type of basketball shot that is performed when a player jumps in the air and manually powers the ball through the basket with one or both of his hands, then often grabs the rim shortly after the ball passes through the hoop (a dunk is still being performed if the rim is not grabbed, as long as the athlete powers the ball through the hoop manually).

3nn

Tiro de gancho

A hook shot, is a play in which the offensive player, usually turned perpendicular to the basket, gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head. Unlike the jump shot, it is shot with only one hand=== the other arm is often used to create space between the shooter and the defensive player. Once the ball is in shooting position, the hook shot is one of the most difficult shots to effectively defend. However, prior to that point, as the ball is being brought up into position, it is very susceptible to being stolen from behind.

3oo

Tiro libre

Free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points from a restricted area on the court (the free throw line; informally known as the "charity stripe" or foul line), and are generally awarded after a foul by the opposing team.

3pp

Falta personal

A personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent. It is the most common type of foul in basketball. Due to the nature of the game, personal fouls occur on occasions and are not always regarded as unsportsmanlike. However, a contact foul involving excessive or unjustified contact is classed as an unsportsmanlike foul.

3qq

An offensive foul, when the offensive player runs into a defender who has already established a position.

3rr

Bloquear

The use of a defender's body position to illegally prevent an opponent's advance.

3ss

Falta técnica

A technical foul is an infraction of the rules usually concerning unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior, and is generally considered a more serious infraction than a personal foul, but not as serious as a flagrant foul.

3tt

Violación de tres segundos

The three seconds rule requires that a player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area (that is, within the lane, or area between the goal in the free throw line) for more than three consecutive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running.

3uu

Regla de cinco segundos

The five-second rule, or five-second violation, is a rule that helps promote continuous play. There are multiple situations where a five-second violation may occur. In NCAA and NFHS rules, there are two situations in which a five-second violation may occur. One occurs when a player, while closely guarded, holds the ball for five seconds. A five-second throw-in violation occurs if, during a throw-in, the thrower does not release the ball before five seconds have elapses.

3vv

Regla de diez segundos

The offensive team has ten seconds to advance the basketball out of their back court past the mid-court line.

3ww

When the offensive team allows the basketball to go behind the mid-court line and touches it before an opponent.

3xx

Violación de entrada

Players have five seconds to inbound the ball, otherwise, it is an inbound violation.

3yy

Liga

A group of athletic teams to compete among themselves.

3zz

Tiro de tres puntos

A three-point field goal, three-pointer, three-point shot, or simply three is a field goal made from beyond the three point line, a designated semi-ellipsoid arc radiating from the basket.

4

Demostrar comprensión de las diferentes habilidades requeridas en cada posición.

Although the rules do not specify any positions whatsoever, they have become a part of basketball. During the first five decades of basketball's development, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have developed, namely:

Point guard

usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time.

Shooting guard

creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense.

Small forward

often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively.

Power forward

plays offensively often with his back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense).

Center

uses size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.

The above descriptions are flexible. On some occasions, teams will choose to use a three guard offense, replacing one of the forwards or the center with a third guard. The most commonly interchanged positions are point guard and shooting guard, especially if both players have good leadership and ball handling skills.

5

Demostrar habilidad razonable en las siguientes áreas:

5a

Tiro libre desde la línea de tiro

Each free throw is worth one point, and normally more than one is awarded. The importance of free throws is nevertheless sometimes underestimated; games have been known to be decided on them, especially when the score is close. Teams who could have sealed the game on free throws can finish with a narrow win or even a loss because of failure behind the line.

Free throws are organized in procession. The shooter takes his place behind the free throw line (19 feet from the base line, 15 feet from the basket). All other players must stand in their correct places until the ball leaves the shooter's hands:

Three people from the defensive team and two people from the shooting team line up along the sides of the restricted area (keyhole, paint, lane). These players are usually the ones that rebound the ball. Three line up on one side and two on the other. A defensive player always takes the place closest to the basket.

The remaining four players, two from each team, must remain behind the three point line and the free throw line extended (an imaginary line extended from the free throw line in both directions to the sidelines).

Leaving their designated places before the ball leaves the shooter's hands, interfering with the ball, and (for the defensive team only) attempting to put off the shooter, are all violations. In addition, the shooter must release the ball within five seconds (ten in the NBA as well as all other levels of basketball in the United States) and must not step on or over the free throw line until the ball touches the ring. Contrary to popular belief, players are permitted to jump while attempting the free throw, provided they do not leave the designated area at any point. A violation by the shooter cancels the free throw; a violation by the defensive team results in a substitute free throw if the shooter missed; a violation by the offensive team or a shot that completely misses the ring results in the loss of possession to the defensive team (only if it is on the last free throw).

5b

Tiro de diferentes posiciones en torno a la cesta

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. While methods can vary with players and situations, the most common technique can be outlined here.

The player should be positioned facing the basket with feet about shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, and back straight. The player holds the ball to rest in the dominant hand's fingertips (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand on the side of the ball. To aim the ball, the player's elbow should be aligned vertically, with the forearm facing in the direction of the basket. The ball is shot by bending and extending the knees and extending the shooting arm to become straight; the ball rolls off the finger tips while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. When the shooting arm is stationary for a moment after the ball released, it is known as a follow-through; it is incorporated to maintain accuracy. Generally, the non-shooting arm is used only to guide the shot, not to power it.

Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to deaden its impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat arguable, but generally coaches will profess proper arch. Most players shoot directly into the basket, but shooters may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

The two most common shots that use the above described set up are the set shot and the jump shot. The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free throws. The jump shot is taken while in mid-air, near the top of the jump. This provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender. Failure to release the ball before returning the feet to the ground is a traveling violation.

Another common shot is called the layup. This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called a finger roll). The most crowd-pleasing, and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the slam dunk, in which the player jumps very high, and throws the ball downward, straight through the hoop.

Another shot that is becoming common is the "circus shot". The circus shot is a low-percentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket.

A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air ball. A particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a brick.

5c

Rebote

Dribbling is the legal method of advancing the ball by oneself, as opposed to passing it to another player or shooting for the basket. It consists of bouncing the ball on the floor continuously while walking or running down the court.

The original Naismith rules said nothing about dribbling, merely stating that passing the ball was the legal way of advancing it. Players soon developed the strategy of "passing to themselves", which James Naismith himself both endorsed and admired for its ingenuity, and which developed into the dribble as it is known today.

The dribble allows for much faster advancement and thus more opportunities for scoring. It also provides an opportunity for a crafty player on the opposing team to "steal" the ball in mid-bounce. Once a player stops dribbling the ball and holds it, the player normally must either pass it to another player or take a shot; if the player dribbles and then holds the ball in any way (either grasping it with his hands or arms, or "palming" it, i.e. holding it too much toward its underside during the act of dribbling), then the referee stops the play, signals either "double dribble" or "carrying", and turns the ball over to the other team.

Skilled ball handlers bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the risk of a defender reaching in to steal the ball. Adept dribblers can dribble behind their backs, between their legs and change hands without watching the ball, making the player difficult to defend and opening up options to pass, shoot or drive with the ball.

5d

Pase

There are several passing techniques in basketball. Three are presented here.

Bounce Pass

The bounce pass is a very effective and fundamental type of passing technique. This pass is when the player passes the ball to a teammate by bouncing the ball off the floor with a large amount of energy. A successful bounce pass can easily result in an assist because a bounce pass is harder for defenders to intercept. At the same time, a bounce pass may still be intercepted due to its slower speed. Thus, a player is required to use his or her best judgment when he decides whether or not to throw such a pass. The move has to be executed perfectly because a bounce pass just in front of the defender will result in a turnover or a hard catch for the receiver of the pass.

Jump pass

A jump pass is a pass performed while the passing player's feet are off the floor. When done intentionally, it can sometimes confuse the defender, causing him to believe that the passer is shooting instead of passing. However, it at times is done as a result of the player having their shooting lane blocked and often leads to the player turning the ball over to the opposing team. This kind of pass is strongly discouraged in all levels of basketball, as it leaves the offensive player very vulnerable to turnovers.

Chest pass

This pass is performed best by stepping towards your target with one foot, then pushing the ball outwards from the chest with two hands while turning the hands over, ending with the thumbs pointing down. It is best used in the open court and on the perimeter.

6

Pasar al menos cuatro horas ayudando a una persona con menos habilidad o más joven a mejorar sus habilidades.

This can be done by helping a younger sibling learn how to play basketball. If you don't have a younger sibling, help some younger children at school. You may also meet this requirement by teaching this honor.

7

Jugar al menos cinco juegos en familia o con amigos. Mostrar buen espíritu deportivo durante la práctica y juegos.

If you go to elementary school and have taken PE, you have more than likely played at least 5 basketball games. You may also play the 5 games with others that are learning this honor.

8

Escribir una página de un informe sobre un famoso jugador de baloncesto. Discutir por qué es o no es un buen modelo cristiano.

Some suggestions. Feel free to choose others:

• Senda Berenson
• James Naismith

9

Discutir con su líder de Conquistadores, pastor o maestro los problemas que enfrentan los jóvenes adventistas, considerando el deporte en la escuela secundaria, preparatoria y la universidad. ¿Qué alternativas hay que permiten la continuación de la actividad en los deportes.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Problems faced by SDA sports participants

10

Hacer un dibujo a escala de una cancha de baloncesto debidamente diseñada.

Basketball court

References

• w:Basketball