AY Honors/Backpacking/Answer Key/es

Excursionismo
Asociación General Actividades recreacionales	Destreza: 2 Año de introducción: 1986

Requisitos

Conexión Logros para la Investidura: Esta especialidad está relacionada con los requisitos de Logros para la Investidura para VIAJERO AL AIRE LIBRE Vida al Aire Libre y GUÍA DE VIDA PRIMITIVA Vida al Aire Libre que requiere el desarrollo completo de esta especialidad o uno de 4 otros, no obtenida previamente.

1

Discutir con su instructor el significado del lema: «solo tomar fotos y solo dejar huellas».

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Take pictures leave footprints/es

2

Conocer los puntos esenciales de vestimenta adecuada, calzado, ropa impermeable (para lluvia) para usar en la excursión.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Clothing/es

3

Conocer los principios en la selección de una mochila de buena calidad. ¿Qué podría ser utilizado en lugar de una mochila en una emergencia?

4

Conocer los elementos esenciales que deben llevarse en un viaje con mochila.

5

¿Qué clase de saco de dormir y almohadilla son los mejores para su zona de acampar? Conocer al menos tres de cada clase que están disponibles.

Sacos de Dormir

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sleeping bags/es

Almohadillas

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sleeping pads/es

6

Conocer la forma correcta para empaquetar un paquete.

1. Lay out all your gear where you can see it, next to your pack.
2. Look for empty spaces in your gear - for instance, there may be room inside your cooking pot. Put any small items that will fit inside that to conserve space. Look for other "hidden" space as well.
3. For an internal frame backpack, put the sleeping bag in first, at the bottom. For an external frame, tie it underneath the pack.
4. Load the heavy items next, placing them as close to your back as you can. This will shift the center of gravity forward which will help your balance and improve comfort. Be sure nothing is going to poke you in the back though.
5. Put the lighter items such as clothing in towards the outside of the pack.
6. Put the things you'll need on the trail (like water, trail mix, compass, map, etc.) in the outer pockets where you can get to them. If they're hard to get to, you'll be unlikely to use them. And if you don't use them, why bring them at all?

7

¿Qué tipos de alimentos son los mejores para el excursionismo? Visitar una tienda de comestibles y hacer una lista de alimentos que se encuentran allí que son apropiados para excursionistas. Con su instructor:

The best type of food to take backpacking is dehydrated food, as it is very lightweight, compact, and nutritious. You can buy food pre-packaged or you can dehydrate it yourself. For details on dehydrating your own food, see the Food Drying honor in the Household Arts section of this book.

7a

Preparar un menú para un viaje con mochila de un fin de semana utilizando los alimentos obtenidos a partir de una tienda de comestibles.

Although you can buy prepared dehydrated foods for backpacking at an outdoor outfitter, getting your food this way can be fairly expensive. Instead, try getting dehydrated food at a regular grocery store. Here's a short list of possibilities:

• Instant mashed potatoes
• Instant oatmeal
• Quick-cooking rice
• Powdered milk
• Powdered eggs
• Pasta
• Nuts and peanuts
• Dry soup mixes
• Dry beans, lentils, peas
• Granola
• Dried fruits (apricots, apples, and banana chips)
• Flour, mixed with other dry ingredients to make pancakes or biscuits

7b

Aprender las técnicas de medición, el empaquetado y el etiquetado de los alimentos para su viaje con mochila.

Once you've bought the food you plan to eat on your backpacking trip, the last thing you will want to do is toss it unthoughtfully into your backpack in its original packaging. Food packaging is designed to catch your eye at the grocery store, and to do this, it does not come in space-efficient sizes. Empty all of your food and repack it into sealable plastic bags (such as Ziplock bags). Make up a menu before you do this, and pack each meal into a separate bag. Then clearly label the bag with a permanent marker or a mailing label. The label should be legible even in dim light - you never know when you'll have to cook your food in the dark. This is a lot of trouble to go through, but it is well worth it during the trip.

If you wish to make pancakes, first determine how many pancake meals your party will eat, and mix it all up at once. It is a lot easier to accurately measure large amounts of flour, salt, and baking powder than it is to measure small amounts of the same. Mix it all together thoroughly, and when it is well mixed, scoop out enough to make one serving and place it in a baggie. Make as many single-serving baggies of pancake mix as you'll use. You can use the same technique for making soup mixes and other delectables. Just keep all the ingredients dry and be prepared to add water at the campsite.

7c

Hacer una merienda para el camino/sendero.

There are millions of recipes for trail mix, and every seasoned backpacker has a favorite. "Gorp" is a perennial favorite - the name tells its ingredients: Good old raisins and peanuts. Choose half a dozen (or more! or less!) of items such as these, mix them together, and put them in a baggie:

• Raisins
• Peanuts
• Chex cereal
• Frosted Flakes or other sweetened cereal
• Pretzels
• M & M's
• Chocolate chips
• Dried fruit
• Shelled sunflower seeds

Put the baggie in an easy to reach place in your pack so you can nibble on it while you hike. Don't worry about getting low-fat items. You'll be doing enough walking (and carrying a heavy pack) to burn a lot of calories - you'll need the fat.

8

Conocer la prevención, los síntomas y los primeros auxilios para:

8a

Las quemaduras del sol

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Sunburn

8b

Las ampollas

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Blisters

8c

La congelación

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Frostbite

8d

La hipotermia

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Hypothermia

8e

El golpe de calor

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Heat stroke

8f

La insolación

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Heat exhaustion

8g

La mordedura de serpientes

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Snake bite

8h

Los calambres

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Cramps

8i

La deshidratación

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Dehydration

9

Tener un botiquín de primeros auxilios en su mochila y saber cómo usarlo.

Compact, lightweight firsts aid kits are available at many retailers and outdoor outfitters. But don't just go out, buy one, and toss it in you pack without another thought. It is important for you to open it up and examine every item. Then review the answers for the First Aid honor, so that you know how to use each item.

10

De acuerdo a su peso, ¿cuál es el número máximo de libras que usted está permitido llevar?

An adult should carry no more than a fifth to a third of his or her body weight in a backpack, depending on the level of fitness. A kid should not carry more than a quarter his body weight.

Your aim should not be to load your pack until you hit the maximum, but rather, to bring as little as you can get by with. But don't carry anything you aren't going to need. When it comes to backpacking, less is more! Don't kill yourself. Evaluate every item you put into your backpack. Little things add up quickly, so try not to duplicate functionality. For instance, if you're brining a pocket knife, you can probably leave the butter knife behind. Bring a spork rather than a spoon and a fork. Use parachute cord for a clothesline - it's very strong and can be used as rope. Distribute "group" gear among the group. Take the tent apart and have one person carry the fly, another the canopy, and a third the poles. Instead of bringing a pillow, stuff tomorrow's clothes into a sack and use that.

11

Conocer tres formas de encontrar el sentido de dirección sin una brújula. Demostrar al menos dos.

Northern hemisphere instructions

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/No compass

Southern hemisphere instructions

Southern Cross to find south at night

With the lack of a significant pole star in the southern sky (Sigma Octantis is closest to the pole, but is too faint to be useful for the purpose), two of the stars of Crux (Alpha and Gamma, Acrux and Gacrux respectively) are commonly used to mark south. Following the line defined by the two stars for approximately 4.5 times the distance between them leads to a point close to the Southern Celestial Pole.

Alternatively, if a line is constructed perpendicularly between Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, the point where the above line and this line intersect marks the Southern Celestial Pole. The two stars are often referred to as the "Pointer Stars" or "White Pointers", allowing people to easily find the top of Crux.

The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South.

Watch method

Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. E.g. 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc.

Stick method

This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).

But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shadows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shadow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shadows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.

12

Mostrar la forma correcta de poner y quitar una mochila solo y con un compañero.

Alone

Set the backpack on a table (or a large rock), put your arms through the straps (loosened off), and lift with your legs. You can also set it on a rock or a log and sit down in front of it. Again, lift with your legs, not with your back. If there is nothing available to set your pack on; stand with your feet apart, one leg ahead of the other, knee bent enough to set your pack on it. With shoulder straps loosened off, slip one arm through the shoulder strap, lean into your pack and slightly downward, and roll it up onto your back. Once in place, slide your other arm through the shoulder strap. Always tighten your hip belt first, shoulder straps next and lastly your chest strap. Reverse this procedure for removing your pack.

With a Partner

Have your partner lift your pack and hold it while you slip your arms into the straps. If you have to stoop, bend your knees. Remember to lift with your legs!

13

Participar en un viaje con mochila de fin de semana de al menos cinco millas (ocho kilómetros) a un lugar no accesible por un vehículo y cocinar sus propio alimentos.

Five miles is a good backpacking trip for a beginner. Find a trail near you by visiting your local outdoor outfitter. These stores are most often staffed by people who enjoy backpacking and can provide you with valuable advice on destinations. Once you've got a 5-mile trip under your belt, why not look at the Pioneering honor and make your next trip a 15-miler? If you make it a 15-mile hike, you can also count this backpack trip toward the hardest requirement of the Hiking Honor.

References

• http://www.patc.net/hiking/gear/packs.html
• http://gorp.away.com/gorp/eclectic/family/expert/ask_exp.htm