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| − | <!-- b. Review the story of the Ten Commandments.-->
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| − | <!-- c. Perform three experiments, which demonstrate the natural laws of God (e.g. law of gravity, law of magnetism).-->
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| − | Natural law, or the law of nature (Latin: lex naturalis), is a system of law that is purportedly determined by nature, and thus universal. The distinction between natural law in the political-legal sense and law of nature or physical law in the scientific sense is a modern one, both concepts being equally derived from physis, the Greek word (translated into Latin as natura) for nature.
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| − | A physical law or scientific law is, according to the Oxford English dictionary, "a theoretical principle deduced from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always occurs if certain conditions be present." Physical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community. The production of a summary description of our environment in the form of such laws is a fundamental aim of science.
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| − | Several general properties of physical laws (laws of nature) have been identified. Physical laws are:
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| − | *True, at least within their regime of validity. By definition, there have never been repeatable contradicting observations.
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| − | *Universal. They appear to apply everywhere in the universe.
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| − | *Simple. They are typically expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation.
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| − | *Absolute. Nothing in the universe appears to affect them.
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| − | *Stable. Unchanged since first discovered (although they may have been shown to be approximations of more accurate laws.)
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| − | *Omnipotent. Everything in the universe apparently must comply with them (according to observations).
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| − | *Generally conservative of quantity.
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| − | *Often expressions of existing homogeneities (symmetries) of space and time.
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| − | *Typically theoretically reversible in time (if non-quantum), although time itself is irreversible.
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| − | Physical laws are distinguished from scientific theories by their simplicity. Scientific theories are generally more complex than laws; they have many component parts, and are more likely to be changed as the body of available experimental data and analysis develops. This is because a physical law is a summary observation of strictly empirical matters, whereas a theory is a model that accounts for the observation, explains it, relates it to other observations, and makes testable predictions based upon it. Simply stated, while a law notes that something happens, a theory explains why and how something happens.
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| − | Enough of the theory - on to the FUN!
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| − | YouTube is your friend here as you can watch and replicate rather than just read about what to do. Some interesting and easy options:
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| − | [http://www.youtube.com/user/SpanglerScienceTV/videos?view=0 SpanglerScienceTV] has over 180 accessible Science Experiments including:
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzsORE0ae10 Sink or Float]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fE2KQzLUVA4 Seven Layer Density]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmrG_R8Qx3Y Swinging Pendulum]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIBTrWcWik0 Do Not Open] Simple and Fun!
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| | == == | | == == |
| − | {{/requirement 2}} | + | {{:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3|1}}/requirement 2/es}} |
| − | <!-- Lichens/Shells
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| − | Make an “eternal garden.”
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| − | OR
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| − | Collect and identify 15 different shells and tell where they may be found.
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| − | '''Option 1:''' This requirement tracks requirement 6 of the [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Lichens,_Liverworts_%26_Mosses| Lichens, Liverworts & Mosses]] Honor which says ''"Make a moss garden (small terrarium) or "eternal garden" using at least three different kinds of mosses and lichens."''
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| − | {{:Eternal_Garden}} | + | {{:Eternal_Garden/es}} |
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| − | '''Option 2:''' The collection of 15 shells goes a long way toward meeting the practical requirements of the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Shells| Shells Honor]].
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| − | Shells Honor Requirement 10 states: "Make a collection of 20 different shells, classify them, and tell where each is found and when it came into your possession."
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| − | You can collect shells on beaches or buy them at craft stores. If buying them, it is cheaper to buy a variety pack rather than getting them individually. Once you have 20 different types of shells, you can begin the process of identifying them. For this you will need a field guide such as one of these:
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/National-Audubon-Society-American-Seashells/dp/0394519132/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197082428&sr=8-7 National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashells]
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/Seashells-North-America-Identification-Martins/dp/1582381259/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197082428&sr=8-8 Seashells of North America: A Guide to Field Identification]
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| − | You may be able to find a field guide at your local library too. You can also search for shell photos on the internet to make the identification.
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| − | =Wilderness Ranger [[File:Ranger_Ribbon.jpeg|150px]]= | + | =Orientador de Nuevas Fronteras [[File:Ranger_Ribbon.jpeg|150px]]= |
| − | {{/requirement 3}} | + | {{:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3|1}}/requirement 3/es}} |
| − | <!-- Complete Ranger requirements-->
| + | {{:Investiture Achievement/above/es}} |
| − | {{:Investiture Achievement/above}} | |
| | == == | | == == |
| − | {{/requirement 4}} | + | {{:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3|1}}/requirement 4/es}} |
| − | <!-- Insects/Wild Flowers
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| − | Collect or obtain and mount 15 species of insects representing at least 6 different orders.
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| − | OR
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| − | Draw, photograph or collect pictures of 20 kinds of wild flowers and identify correctly.
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| − | -->
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| − | '''Option 1:''' Requirement 1a of the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Insects|Insects Honor]] provides more detail on this option. It says:
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| − | a. Mount a collection of 20 species of insects representing at least six different orders. (no moths or butterflies and no carelessly mounted or broken specimens will be acceptable.)
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| − | (1) Place under each specimen a label showing the locality where caught, the date caught, and the collector's name. Labels should not be larger than 1/4 x 3/4 inches (6 mm x 20 mm).
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| − | (2) Identify insects with common names and genus or species level on second labels to be mounted below the first.
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| − | (3) Arrange all specimens neatly in an insect box according to orders and families. Orders should be pinned to the box rather than attached to the individual insect pins.
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| − | Additional assistance can be found in the answers to the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Insects|Insects Honor]].
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| − | '''Option 2:''' Making an image collection of wildflowers is easy with a camera. When out hiking or camping take photos of all the flowers you see. Once you have at least 20 different photos, compare them to a good [http://amzn.to/Vc04wq wildflower field guide]. This will put you on the path to earn the [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Flowers|Flowers Honor]].
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| − | An even easier way is to "collect" pictures on the internet, but you would really miss out on seeing and touching the live flowers in the wild and are less likely to learn anything as you really don't have to search out what the flower is.
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| | == == | | == == |
| − | {{/requirement 5}} | + | {{:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3|1}}/requirement 5/es}} |
| − | <!-- Complete a nature honor, not previously earned. (Skill level 2 or 3)-->
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| − | This might be a good opportunity to tackle one of the Honors which the Pathfinder partially completes elsewhere in this section.
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| − | *The [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Flowers|Flowers]] Honor is Skill Level 2
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| − | *The [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Shells|Shells]] Honor is Skill Level 2
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| − | *The [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Lichens,_Liverworts_%26_Mosses|Lichens, Liverworts & Mosses]] is a Skill Level 3
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| − | *While building an insect collection is an option above, the [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Insects|Insects]] Honor, is a Skill Level 1 and therefore does not meet this requirement. Extend your collection to 50 specimens and earn the [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Insects_-_Advanced|Insects - Advanced]] honor which does meet this requirement.
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| − | Here is a complete list of Nature honors at skill levels 2 and 3:
| + | Aquí está una lista completa de especialidades de Naturaleza de niveles de destreza 2 y 3: |
| − | {{Honor index | + | {{Honor index/es |
| − | |cat2=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature | + | |lang=/es |
| − | |cat3=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2¦Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 3 | + | |cat1=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Naturaleza |
| | + | |cat2=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2¦Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 3 |
| | }} | | }} |
| | <noinclude></noinclude> | | <noinclude></noinclude> |
