View source for AY Honors/Camping Skills I/Answer Key/es

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{{honor_desc/es
|stage=100
|honorname=Campamento I
|skill=1
|year=1986
|category=Actividades recreacionales
|authority=Asociación General
|insignia=Camping_Skills_I.png
}}

{{IAConnection/es|[[Investiture_Achievement/Friend/Outdoor Living/es|AMIGO Vida al Aire Libre]]|el desarrollo de esta especialidad|}}


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<!-- 1. Estar por lo menos en el quinto grado.  -->
{{ay camping grade level/es|I|5}}

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<!-- 2. Entender y practicar el protocolo de acampar en lugares de vida silvestre, en cuanto preservar el medio ambiente. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Etiquette/es}}

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<!-- 3. Conocer ocho cosas que uno debe hacer cuando está perdido. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Lost/es}}

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<!-- 4. Estar familiarizado con diversas clases de equipos adecuados para dormir conforme a la ubicación y estación (primavera, verano, otoño, invierno). -->
===Sacos de dormir===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sleeping bags/es}}
===Colchonetas===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sleeping pads/es}}

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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
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<!-- 5. Hacer una lista de artículos personales necesarios para un fin de semana de campamento. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Clothing/es}}

{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Personal gear/es}}


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<!-- 6. Planear y participar en un campamento de fin de semana. -->
Hay una gran cantidad de aspectos en la planificación de un viaje de campamento, incluyendo la selección de un sitio de acampar, elegir las fechas, el menú, el equipo y encontrando soluciones de los problemas al llegar allí. Involucre al todo el grupo en tomar decisiones como sea posible. ¿Dónde quieren acampar? ¿Cuándo se puede ir? ¿Qué van a comer? ¿Quién va a ir? ¿Cuántas tiendas de campaña se necesitará? ¿Quién dormirá en qué tiendas de campaña? ¿Está todo el equipo en un buen estado de conservación?

Cuando se haga todas estas decisiones, alguien tiene que salir a comprar la comida, reparar, reemplazar o comprar cualquier equipo que se necesita, etc. Cada campista menor de 18 años también debe tener un permiso firmado y un formulario de autorización médica actualizada. Los formularios deben ser fotocopiadas y cada miembro del personal debe llevárselo consigo en todo momento.

En el día del campamento, todos deberían juntarse para cargar el equipo. Al regresar, todos deben ayudar a descargar el equipo. Algunos de los equipos deben ser llevados a casa y limpiados. Si las tiendas de campaña y lonas están aún un poco húmedas, necesitarán armarse para estar secas ''completamente''. Entonces tendrán que ser guardadas.

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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
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<!-- 7. Saber cómo armar y fijar adecuadamente una tienda de campaña. Tomar precauciones contra incendios, cuando está en uso la tienda de campaña. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Pitch and strike a tent/es}}

Mantenga cualquier incendio por lo menos 6 metros de las tiendas. Las chispas vuelan a veces fuera de un incendio o se proyectan en el aire (por ejemplo, cuando un campista sin experiencia pone hojas secas el fuego). Si estas chispas caen sobre su tienda de campaña, pueden quemar un agujero pequeño de tamaño de alfiler en ella o pueden provocar una tragedia mortal.

'''Nunca''' encienda un fuego de ninguna clase dentro de una tienda, ya sea una vela, linterna o una estufa a menos que ''sabe definitivamente'' que la tienda ha sido diseñada para tal fin.

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<!-- 8. Conocer y practicar los principios de la buena limpieza para los campamentos, tanto primitivos como campamentos establecidos. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sanitation/es}}

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<!-- 9. Saber el uso adecuado del cuchillo y el hacha. Conocer diez reglas de seguridad para su uso. -->
===Seguridad con el Cuchillo===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Knife safety/es}}
===Seguridad con el Hacha===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Axe safety/es}}

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<!-- 10. Fogatas: -->
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fire site selection/es}}

{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fire ring}}

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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fire safety}}

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Three things are needed for a fire to start: oxygen, fuel, and heat.  The match head is a fuel that can be ignited at about 360°F (182°C), which can be obtained through friction.  The oxygen is supplied by the air.  To strike a match, quickly and firmly drag the match head along the striker pad on the side of the box or outside of the package. Keep your fingers away from the match head.  Once the head ignites, the temperature will increase sharply and ignite the match stick.  Fire prefers to climb uphill, and you can control the size of the flame to a certain extent by tilting the head down (for a bigger flame) or up (for a smaller flame).  Carefully shield the flame from wind (which lowers the temperature) by cupping your other hand around the flame and move it to the tinder you wish to light.

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There are three factors that govern a fire: 
# Oxygen
# Fuel
# Heat

You need all three to get a fire going, and the way you lay the fire will determine how much of each of these are available.  To get a fire going, you will need to ignite some tinder.  The tinder will need to burn long enough to ignite kindling, and the kindling will need to burn long enough to ignite the fuel.  Before lighting a match, it is important to have all three types of fuel available.

Start by laying your tinder in the center of your fire ring.  Tinder consists of small, easily ignited material, such as pine needles, shreds of birch bark, thin twigs (whose diameter is about the same as a pencil lead), or even dryer lint.  Once the tinder is on place, lay some larger pieces over it (this is the kindling). Kindling is wood whose diameter ranges from pencil thickness to {{units|4 cm|1.5 inches}}.  It should be arranged with the smallest-diameter pieces nearest to the tinder.  

An effective method of doing this is to get two small fuel logs - about 3" in diameter, and lay them parallel to one another and {{units|15-20 cm|6-8 inches}} apart, with the tinder in between. Then lay a small, straight stick across them and over the tinder. Call this stick the "ridge pole". Next lay more pencil-sized sticks with one end on the ridge pole and the other end on the ground. Lay them alternately on both sides of the ridge pole as if you were framing a roof. These can be called the "rafters". Once this is done and the rafters make a "roof" that spans the distance between the two logs and covers the tinder, lay two more ridge poles, one on either side of the first ridge pole, and then lay more rafters from them to the ground (but leave a little space between the rafters). You can repeat this a third time if you like, but it's important to leave a gap somewhere so you can get a match inside to light the tinder. The sticks in each layer of rafters should be a little larger than the ones that came before.  

''Do not light this pile'' until you have gathered sufficient fuel for the fire!  Fuel consists of wood that is greater than {{units|7 cm|3 inches}} in diameter.  The tender pile described above will burn for about five minutes or so, and that does not leave much time for you to scrounge around looking for something to pile onto the flames.  Therefore, you should have your fuel ready to go.

Once the tinder is lit, you can use the fuel to lay a hunter's fire, teepee, a log cabin or a council fire on top of the first two logs. It works well, because there is a great deal of kindling stacked close together, but not so close as to reduce oxygen flow.  The kindling is also laid close to the tinder so the tinder has no trouble igniting it (assuming it is dry and pencil-sized).

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Obviously, you will want to keep your firewood dry, and there are many ways to do that.  One effective method is to put a tarp on the ground, stack the wood on top of it, and fold the tarp over the top.  Place one or two heavier logs on top to hold the tarp down.  Those logs will get wet, but they will prevent the wind from blowing the tarp off an soaking the rest of your wood.
Having a tarp beneath the wood will keep water from running under the stack and soaking the bottom logs, but this not entirely necessary.

You can also keep firewood in an enclosed trailer, or the trunk of a car if those are available to you.  Another option is to keep it under a kitchen tent or canopy.

If you do not have a tarp, trailer, vehicle, or any other form of shelter for the wood, you can lean long, uncut firewood poles vertically against a tree.  This will not keep them as dry as a shelter would, but by storing them this way, the water will run off them quickly so that it does not penetrate deeply.  When you are ready to use the wood, saw it into lengths and split it into quarters to expose the dry interior.  Even if the outside of the wood was wet, this should expose enough of the dry interior so that it can be easily lit.

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<!-- 11. Bake bread on a stick.  -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Bread on a stick}}

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<!-- 12. Describe the proper procedures for washing and keeping clean the cooking and eating utensils.  -->
Make up a mess kit for each camper, consisting of a plate, cup, bowl, knife, fork, and spoon.  Store each kit in a mesh hosiery bag.  Every mess kit should have a number, and every item in the kit should be labeled with that number.  Every camper should be assigned a number.  After the meal, each camper will wash his or her own mess kit.  If a dirty plate is found abandoned on a picnic table, a quick check for its number will reveal who is responsible for that item.

Use two large tubs for washing the dishes (or optionally, three tubs).  One will be filled with soapy water (heated if possible), and the other will have rinse water with one teaspoon of bleach per gallon.  The third optional tub is filled with water and is used for pre-rinsing the dishes before they are washed in the soapy water.  If the third tub is not used, campers will wipe their dishes clean with a paper towel ''before'' placing them in the soapy water.  This will prevent the wash water from becoming ultra-disgusting.  Each dish should be washed, rinsed, and returned to its mesh bag for drying.  The mesh bags will then be hung from a clothesline.  If the clothespins used to hold them to the line are also numbered, it is a lot easier for each camper to find his or her own kit if they are hung in numeric order.

Whoever is on kitchen duty for that meal (and ''everyone'' should be assigned at least once) is responsible for washing the cooking gear.  Again, they should wipe the pots, pans, and utensils as clean as possible ''before'' subjecting the wash water to them.  They will need to be dried after rinsing and then put away.  The kitchen crew should then take steps to properly dispose of the trash, lest the camp attract critters.  Critters may be cute, but they sure do make big messes!

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<!-- 13. Describe sleeping wear and how to stay warm at night.  -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sleepwear}}

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<!-- 14. Draw a spiritual object lesson from nature on your camping trip.  -->
There are many possibilities for meeting this requirement.  Jesus used nature to illustrate object lessons on many occasions:
;Birds: ''Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father.'' Matthew 10:29 - NIV
;Flowers: ''And why are you worried about clothing? Observe how the lilies of the field grow; they do not toil nor do they spin, yet I say to you that not even (AL)Solomon in all his glory clothed himself like one of these.'' Matthew 6:28,29 - NIV
;Water: Jesus meets the Samaritan woman at Jacob's well, John 4:7-38

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<!-- 15. Explain and practice the motto: "Take only pictures and leave only footprints."  -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Take pictures leave footprints}}

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<!-- Note: The tent color for Camping Skills #1 is blue.  -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Colors}}

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==References==
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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