Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Knitting/Answer Key"

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[[Image:Knitcable.jpg|thumb|right|A cable-knit piece of fabric]]
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A few types of [[knitted fabric]] are so fundamental, that they have been adopted as part of the language of knitting, similar to techniques such as [[yarn over]] or [[decrease (knitting)|decrease]]. Examples include '''stockinette stitch''', '''reverse stockinette stitch''', '''garter stitch''', '''seed stitch''', '''faggoting''', and '''tricot'''. 
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In some cases, these fabrics appear differently on the [[right side (knitting)|right side]] (i.e., as seen when making the stitch) than on the [[wrong side (knitting)|wrong side]] (i.e., as seen from the other side, when the work is turned).
  
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'''Cable knitting''' is a style of [[knitting]] in which the order of stitches is permuted.
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==Stockinette stitch and reverse stockinette stitch==
  
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For example, let there be four stitches on the needle in the order ABCD. The first two may be crossed in front of the next two, forming the order CDAB. 
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[[Image:Stockinette.jpg|thumb|right|Stockinette stitch]]
  
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==Methods==
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'''Stockinette stitch''' (in the UK, '''Retard Stitch''') is the most basic knitted fabric; every stitch (as seen from the [[right side (knitting)|right side]]) is a knit stitch.  In the [[circular knitting|round]], stockinette stitch is produced by knitting every stitch; by contrast, in the flat,  stockinette stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows.  
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[[Image:cableneedle.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Two different styles of cable needles.]]
 
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The stitches crossing behind are transferred to a small '''cable needle''' for storage while the stitches passing in front are knitted.  The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself.  Other knitters prefer to transfer the stitches to a large safety pin or, for a single stitch, simply hold it in their fingers while knitting the other stitch(es).  Cable stitches are generally permuted only on the right side, i.e., every other row. Having a ''spacer row'' helps the fabric to "relax".
 
  
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Cable knitting is usually less flexible and more dense than typical knitting, having a much more narrow gauge.  This narrow gauge should be considered when changing from the cable stitch to another type of knitted fabric.  If the number of stitches is not reduced, the second knitted fabric may flare out or pucker, due to its larger gauge.  Thus, ribbed cuffs on an aran sweater may not contract around the wrist or waist, as would normally be expected.  Conversely, stitches may need to be [[increase (knitting)|added]] to maintain the gauge when changing from another knitted fabric such as stocking to a cable pattern.  
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Stockinette-stitch fabric is very smooth and each column ("wale") resembles a stacked set of "V"'s.  It has a strong tendency to curl horizontally and vertically because of the [[asymmetry]] of its faces.  
  
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Cables are usually done in stocking stitch, with a reverse stocking background, but any combination will do; for example, a background seed stitch in the regions bounded by cables often looks striking.  Another visually intriguing effect is '''meta-cabling''', where the cable itself is made up of cables, such as a three-cable plait made of strands that are themselves 2-cable plaits. In such cases, the "inner" cables sometimes go their separate ways, forming beautiful, complex patterns such as the branches of a tree.  Another interesting effect is to have one cable "pierce" another cable, rather than having it pass over or under the other.
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'''Reverse stockinette stitch''' is produced in the same way as stockinette, except that the purl stitches are done on the [[right side (knitting)|right side]] and the knit stitches on the [[wrong side (knitting)|wrong side]]. In the [[circular knitting|round]], reverse stockinette stitch is produced by purling every stitch.
  
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Two cables should cross each other completely in a single row; for example, two cables three stitches wide should cross with the three stitches of one cable passing over the three of the other cable.  It is very difficult to make an intermediate crossing row of fewer stitches look good.
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==Garter stitch==
  
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[[Image:Garterstitch.jpg|thumb|right|Garter stitch]]
  
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'''Garter stitch''' is the most basic form of [[welting (knitting)|welting]] (as seen from the [[right side (knitting)|right side]]).  In the [[circular knitting|round]], garter stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows.  By contrast, in the flat, garter stitch is produced by knitting every stitch (or purling every stitch, though this is much less common).
  
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==Cable braids==
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In garter-stitch fabrics, the "purl" rows stand out from the "knit" rows, which provides the basis for [[shadow knitting]].  Garter-stitch fabric has significant lengthwise [[Elasticity (fabrics)|elasticity]] and little tendency to curl, due to the [[symmetry]] of its faces.
  
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Cables are often used to make braid patterns.  Usually, the cables themselves are with a knit stitch while the background is done in purl.  As the number of cables increases, the number of crossing patterns increases, as described by the
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==Seed stitch==
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[[braid group]].  Various visual effects are also possible by shifting the
 
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center lines of the undulating cables, or by changing the space between the
 
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cables, making them denser or more open.
 
  
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A one-cable serpentine is simply a cable that moves sinusoidally left and
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'''Seed stitch''' is the most basic form of a [[basketweave (knitting)|basketweave pattern]]; knit and purl stitches alternate in every column ("wale") ''and'' every row ("course").  In other words, every knit stitch is flanked on all four sides (left and right, top and bottom) by purl stitches, and vice versa. Seed stitch is also known as '''Moss Stitch'''.
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right as it progresses.  Higher-order braids are often made with such
 
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serpentines crossing over and under each other.
 
  
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A two-cable braid can look like a rope, if the cables always cross in the
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Seed-stitch fabrics lie flat; the symmetry of their two faces prevents them from curling to one side or the other.  Hence, it makes an excellent choice for edging, e.g., the central edges of a cardigan.  However, seed stitch is "nubbly", not nearly as smooth as stockinette.
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same way (e.g., left over right).  Alternatively, it can look like two serpentines, one on top of the other.
 
  
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A three-cable braid is usually a simple plait (as often seen in girls' hair),
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==Faggoting==
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but can also be made to look like the links in a chain, or as three independent
 
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serpentines. 
 
  
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A four-cable braid allows for several crossing patterns.
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'''Faggoting''' is a variation of [[lace knitting]], in which every stitch is a [[yarn over]] or a [[decrease (knitting)|decrease]].  There are several types of faggoting, but all are an extremely open [[lace]] similar to [[netting]].  Like most lace fabrics, faggoting has little structural strength and deforms easily, so it has little tendency to curl despite being asymmetrical. Faggoting is stretchy and open, and most faggoting stitches look the same on both sides, making them ideal for garments like lacy scarves or stockings.
  
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The five-cable braid is sometimes called the '''Celtic princess braid''', and
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==Tricot knitting==
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is visually interesting because one side is cresting while the other side is
 
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in a trough.  Thus, it has a shimmering quality, similar to a [[kris]] dagger.
 
  
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The six-cable braid is called a '''Saxon braid''', and looks square and solid.  This is a large motif, often used as a centerpiece of an aran sweater or along the [[neckline]] and [[hemline]]s.
 
  
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The seven-cable braid is rarely used, possibly because it is very wide.
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{{main|tricot}}
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'''Tricot''' is a special case of [[warp knitting]], in which the yarn zigzags vertically, following a single ''column'' ("wale") of knitting, rather than a single ''row'' ("course"), as is customary.  Tricot and its relatives are very resistant to runs, and are commonly used in [[lingerie]].
  
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It may be helpful to think of a cable pattern as a set of serpentine or wave-like cables, each one meandering around its own center line.  A vast variety of cable patterns can be invented by changing the number of cables, the separations of their center lines, the amplitudes of their waves (i.e., how far they wander from their center line), the shape of the waves (e.g., sinusoidal versus triangular), and the relative position of the crests and troughs of each wave (e.g., is one wave cresting as another is crossing its center line?).
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==Other basic fabrics==
  
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New cable patterns can also be inspired by pictures, scenes from nature, Celtic knotwork, and even the [[DNA|double helix of DNA]].
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Other classes of basic knitted fabrics include [[ribbing (knitting)|ribbing]], [[welting (knitting)|welting]] and [[cable knitting|cables]].
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==Cable lattices==
 
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In some cases, one can form a [[latticework|lattice]] of cables, a kind of ribbing
 
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made of cables where the individual cable strands can be exchanged freely.
 
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A typical example is a set of parallel 2-cable plaits in which, every so
 
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often, the two cables of each plait separate, going left and right
 
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and integrating themselves in the neighboring cables.  In the process,
 
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the right-going cable of one plait crosses the left-going cable of its
 
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neighbor, forming an "X". 
 
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==Cable textures==
 
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Many patterns made with cables do not have a rope-like quality. 
 
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For example, a deep honeycomb pattern can be made by adjacent
 
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serpentines, first touching the neighbor on the left then the neighbor
 
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on the right.  Other common patterns include a "Y"-like shape (and
 
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its inverse) and a [[horseshoe crab]] pattern.
 
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==Aran sweaters==
 
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The height of cable knitting is considered to be the [[Aran sweater]], which
 
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consists of panels of different cable patterns.
 
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==See also==
 
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* [[Knitting]]
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
{{Nofootnotes|date=February 2008}}
 
{{Nofootnotes|date=February 2008}}
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* (2002) ''Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book'', updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN-X
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* June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) ''The Principles of Knitting'', Simon and Schuster, pp. 18-20. ISBN 0-671-55233-3
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* {{cite book
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  | last = Walker
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  | first = Barbara G.
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  | authorlink = Barbara G. Walker
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  | coauthors =
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  | title = A Treasury of Knitting Patterns
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  | publisher = Schoolhouse Press
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  | date = 1998
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  | location = Pittsville, WI
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  | pages = 184–187
 +
  | url =
 +
  | doi =
 +
  | isbn = 0942018168 }}
  
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* (1979) ''Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework'', Reader's Digest Association.  ISBN
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[[Category:Knitting stitches]]
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[[Category:Knitted fabrics| ]]
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* June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) ''The Principles of Knitting'', Simon and Schuster, pp. 41-51.  ISBN
 
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* Leapman, Melissa (2006) ''Cables Untangled: An Exploration of Cable Knitting'' , PotterCraft. ISBN
 
  
 
{{knitting}}
 
{{knitting}}
  
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[[Category:knitting]]
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[[he:סריג (בד)]]
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[[simple:Cable knitting]]
 

Revision as of 08:04, 9 March 2009

A few types of knitted fabric are so fundamental, that they have been adopted as part of the language of knitting, similar to techniques such as yarn over or decrease. Examples include stockinette stitch, reverse stockinette stitch, garter stitch, seed stitch, faggoting, and tricot. In some cases, these fabrics appear differently on the right side (i.e., as seen when making the stitch) than on the wrong side (i.e., as seen from the other side, when the work is turned).

Stockinette stitch and reverse stockinette stitch

Stockinette stitch

Stockinette stitch (in the UK, Retard Stitch) is the most basic knitted fabric; every stitch (as seen from the right side) is a knit stitch. In the round, stockinette stitch is produced by knitting every stitch; by contrast, in the flat, stockinette stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows.

Stockinette-stitch fabric is very smooth and each column ("wale") resembles a stacked set of "V"'s. It has a strong tendency to curl horizontally and vertically because of the asymmetry of its faces.

Reverse stockinette stitch is produced in the same way as stockinette, except that the purl stitches are done on the right side and the knit stitches on the wrong side. In the round, reverse stockinette stitch is produced by purling every stitch.

Garter stitch

Garter stitch

Garter stitch is the most basic form of welting (as seen from the right side). In the round, garter stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows. By contrast, in the flat, garter stitch is produced by knitting every stitch (or purling every stitch, though this is much less common).

In garter-stitch fabrics, the "purl" rows stand out from the "knit" rows, which provides the basis for shadow knitting. Garter-stitch fabric has significant lengthwise elasticity and little tendency to curl, due to the symmetry of its faces.

Seed stitch

Seed stitch is the most basic form of a basketweave pattern; knit and purl stitches alternate in every column ("wale") and every row ("course"). In other words, every knit stitch is flanked on all four sides (left and right, top and bottom) by purl stitches, and vice versa. Seed stitch is also known as Moss Stitch.

Seed-stitch fabrics lie flat; the symmetry of their two faces prevents them from curling to one side or the other. Hence, it makes an excellent choice for edging, e.g., the central edges of a cardigan. However, seed stitch is "nubbly", not nearly as smooth as stockinette.

Faggoting

Faggoting is a variation of lace knitting, in which every stitch is a yarn over or a decrease. There are several types of faggoting, but all are an extremely open lace similar to netting. Like most lace fabrics, faggoting has little structural strength and deforms easily, so it has little tendency to curl despite being asymmetrical. Faggoting is stretchy and open, and most faggoting stitches look the same on both sides, making them ideal for garments like lacy scarves or stockings.

Tricot knitting

Template:Main Tricot is a special case of warp knitting, in which the yarn zigzags vertically, following a single column ("wale") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"), as is customary. Tricot and its relatives are very resistant to runs, and are commonly used in lingerie.

Other basic fabrics

Other classes of basic knitted fabrics include ribbing, welting and cables.

References

Template:Nofootnotes

Template:Knitting

he:סריג (בד)

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