Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Baking/Answer Key"

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== 1.  Explain the difference in food value between whole wheat flour and white flour. == <!--T:2-->
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<!--  1.  Explain the difference in food value between whole wheat flour and white flour. -->
 
Whole wheat retains the bran and germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to white flour which retains only the endosperm.  
 
Whole wheat retains the bran and germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to white flour which retains only the endosperm.  
  
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The greater amount of dietary fiber, as much as four times than found in refined grains, is likely the most important benefit, as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of some forms of cancer, digestive system diseases, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Some of these protective effects occur because carbohydrates from whole grains are digested and enter the bloodstream more slowly, avoiding the "sugar rush."
 
The greater amount of dietary fiber, as much as four times than found in refined grains, is likely the most important benefit, as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of some forms of cancer, digestive system diseases, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Some of these protective effects occur because carbohydrates from whole grains are digested and enter the bloodstream more slowly, avoiding the "sugar rush."
  
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== 2. Describe the effects of yeast in bread making. == <!--T:5-->
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<!--  2. Describe the effects of yeast in bread making. -->
 
Yeast interacts chemically with sugar in warm water to provide leavening.  This allows the bread to "rise".
 
Yeast interacts chemically with sugar in warm water to provide leavening.  This allows the bread to "rise".
  
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In more detail, yeasts make up a group of single-celled fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread.  In the absence of oxygen, yeasts produce their energy by converting sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol. In baking, the carbon dioxide raises the bread and the ethanol evaporates.
 
In more detail, yeasts make up a group of single-celled fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread.  In the absence of oxygen, yeasts produce their energy by converting sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol. In baking, the carbon dioxide raises the bread and the ethanol evaporates.
  
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== 3.  Give one Old Testament and one New Testament incident where leavening is mentioned. == <!--T:7-->
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<!--  3.  Give one Old Testament and one New Testament incident where leavening is mentioned. -->
  
 
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In an allusion to the Old Testament, Paul also uses leaven to describe how a little sin or corruption effects the whole church. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Gal+5%3A9&version=ISV Gal 5:9] and [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A1-8&version=NKJV 1 Corinthians 5:1-8].  Throughout the Old Testament, and into Paul's writings, leaven symbolized corruption, defilement, and sin. Of course there is nothing inheriently bad about yeast, it is only used as an analogy.
 
In an allusion to the Old Testament, Paul also uses leaven to describe how a little sin or corruption effects the whole church. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Gal+5%3A9&version=ISV Gal 5:9] and [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A1-8&version=NKJV 1 Corinthians 5:1-8].  Throughout the Old Testament, and into Paul's writings, leaven symbolized corruption, defilement, and sin. Of course there is nothing inheriently bad about yeast, it is only used as an analogy.
  
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== 4.  Prepare whole grain bread (can be wheat, rye, oatmeal, etc.). == <!--T:11-->
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== 5.  Prepare two of the following: == <!--T:13-->
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===a. Yeast biscuits===
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{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe
 
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|name = Yeast Biscuits
 
|name = Yeast Biscuits
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===b. Unleavened bread=== <!--T:14-->
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|name = Communion Bread
 
|name = Communion Bread
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===c. Bread sticks=== <!--T:15-->
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|name = Bread Sticks
 
|name = Bread Sticks
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===d. Bagels=== <!--T:16-->
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{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe
 
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|name=Simple Bagels
 
|name=Simple Bagels
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With thanks to http://www.bagelrecipes.net/simple-bagels.html - a completely free source for recipes for bagels.
 
With thanks to http://www.bagelrecipes.net/simple-bagels.html - a completely free source for recipes for bagels.
  
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===e. Vegetable bread=== <!--T:17-->
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|name = Vegetable Bread
 
|name = Vegetable Bread
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== 6.  Explain why the use of baking powder and soda should be avoided and why the mixture of milk, sugar, and eggs is harmful to health. == <!--T:18-->
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<!--  6.  Explain why the use of baking powder and soda should be avoided and why the mixture of milk, sugar, and eggs is harmful to health. -->
  
 
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;Milk, sugar, and eggs: When these ingredients are mixed and eaten, they ferment in the abdomen, giving the same effect as alcohol products.  In '''Ministry of Healing''' page 301-302 we can read "Far too much sugar is ordinarily used in food. Cakes, sweet puddings, pastries, jellies, jams, are active causes of indigestion. Especially harmful are the custards and puddings in which milk, eggs, and sugar are the chief ingredients. The free use of milk and sugar taken together should be avoided."
 
;Milk, sugar, and eggs: When these ingredients are mixed and eaten, they ferment in the abdomen, giving the same effect as alcohol products.  In '''Ministry of Healing''' page 301-302 we can read "Far too much sugar is ordinarily used in food. Cakes, sweet puddings, pastries, jellies, jams, are active causes of indigestion. Especially harmful are the custards and puddings in which milk, eggs, and sugar are the chief ingredients. The free use of milk and sugar taken together should be avoided."
  
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== 7.  How do you test a cake for being done? How do you keep a cake from "falling"? == <!--T:21-->
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You can keep a cake from falling by not introducing a cake to temperatures drastically different from the oven too quickly and by not slamming the door on the oven before the cake is done.
 
You can keep a cake from falling by not introducing a cake to temperatures drastically different from the oven too quickly and by not slamming the door on the oven before the cake is done.
  
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== 8.  Prepare two of the following: == <!--T:24-->
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===a. Cake from basic ingredients (any flavor)===
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See the Wikibook [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents Cookbook] recipes for [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Dessert#Cakes.2C_Cupcakes Cakes and Cupcakes]. Remember that you can use soy milk instead of cow's milk.  In cake recipes calling for eggs, you can substitute a half banana and a quarter cup of apple sauce.
 
See the Wikibook [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents Cookbook] recipes for [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Dessert#Cakes.2C_Cupcakes Cakes and Cupcakes]. Remember that you can use soy milk instead of cow's milk.  In cake recipes calling for eggs, you can substitute a half banana and a quarter cup of apple sauce.
  
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The best advice we can give here is to buy a mix and follow the directions on the package.  Cake mixes were introduced to the market in the 1950's, though they were not initially well-received.  At that time, the only thing the homemaker needed to do was add water, blend, pour it in a pan, and bake.  Marketeers determined that homemakers did not like this because it did not feel enough like "homemade" so they omitted powdered eggs from the mix and had the homemaker add fresh eggs along with the water.  As soon as this change was made to the formulation, sales skyrocketed.
 
The best advice we can give here is to buy a mix and follow the directions on the package.  Cake mixes were introduced to the market in the 1950's, though they were not initially well-received.  At that time, the only thing the homemaker needed to do was add water, blend, pour it in a pan, and bake.  Marketeers determined that homemakers did not like this because it did not feel enough like "homemade" so they omitted powdered eggs from the mix and had the homemaker add fresh eggs along with the water.  As soon as this change was made to the formulation, sales skyrocketed.
  
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It should be noted however, that it is perhaps impossible to find a cake mix that does not use either baking powder or baking soda, or the combination of eggs, milk, and sugar (see requirement 6).  However, 3 tablespoons of water plus 1 tablespoon of either cornstarch or ground flax seed makes a good egg-substitute.
 
It should be noted however, that it is perhaps impossible to find a cake mix that does not use either baking powder or baking soda, or the combination of eggs, milk, and sugar (see requirement 6).  However, 3 tablespoons of water plus 1 tablespoon of either cornstarch or ground flax seed makes a good egg-substitute.
  
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===c. Fruit or nut cake or loaf cake=== <!--T:27-->
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{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe
 
{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe
 
|name = Fruit Nut Cake
 
|name = Fruit Nut Cake
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===d. Sponge cake=== <!--T:28-->
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|name = Sponge Cake
 
|name = Sponge Cake
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== 9.  Make one pie in each of the following categories: == <!--T:29-->
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===a. Baked, any fruit, including lemon===
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|name = Berry Pie
 
|name = Berry Pie
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See the [[Cookbook:Dessert#Pies.2C_Tarts|Pie Section]] in the Wikibooks [[Cookbook]] for more recipes.
 
See the [[Cookbook:Dessert#Pies.2C_Tarts|Pie Section]] in the Wikibooks [[Cookbook]] for more recipes.
  
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===b. Unbaked (baked pie shell only), fresh fruit, gelatin, etc.=== <!--T:32-->
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Numerous options for fresh fruit and other kinds of no bake pie exist.  Here are 50 examples [https://www.tasteofhome.com/collection/no-bake-pies/amp/]
 
Numerous options for fresh fruit and other kinds of no bake pie exist.  Here are 50 examples [https://www.tasteofhome.com/collection/no-bake-pies/amp/]
  
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== 10.  Make and bake one recipe of cookies. Make one recipe of refrigerator cookies. It is preferable to use wholesome ingredients such as fruit, oatmeal, nuts, etc. == <!--T:33-->
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<!--  10.  Make and bake one recipe of cookies. Make one recipe of refrigerator cookies. It is preferable to use wholesome ingredients such as fruit, oatmeal, nuts, etc. -->
 
{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Problematic requirement
 
{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Problematic requirement
 
|It is not clear if the Pathfinder should make both "regular" cookies and refrigerator cookies. No one is going to complain about making or eating two different cookie batches and exposure to different types of recipes is useful.  
 
|It is not clear if the Pathfinder should make both "regular" cookies and refrigerator cookies. No one is going to complain about making or eating two different cookie batches and exposure to different types of recipes is useful.  
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*Some types of chocolate chip cookies.
 
*Some types of chocolate chip cookies.
  
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== 11.  Prepare recipe file for all of the items required above and any others desired. See  how many recipes you can find using fruit without large amounts of sugar. == <!--T:36-->
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<!--  11.  Prepare recipe file for all of the items required above and any others desired. See  how many recipes you can find using fruit without large amounts of sugar. -->
  
 
<!--T:37-->
 
<!--T:37-->
 
Try one of many recipe sites online such as recipesource.com.  Or, even better, use this as an opportunity to learn recipes that your parents and grandparents have made over the years!  Be sure that you include your favorite recipes!
 
Try one of many recipe sites online such as recipesource.com.  Or, even better, use this as an opportunity to learn recipes that your parents and grandparents have made over the years!  Be sure that you include your favorite recipes!
  
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==References== <!--T:38-->
 
==References== <!--T:38-->
 
*Wikipedia articles
 
*Wikipedia articles
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<section end="Body" />

Revision as of 16:18, 25 December 2020

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français



Baking

Approval authority:
Category:
Skill Level:
Year of Introduction:
Baking AY Honor.png

Contents




1

Explain the difference in food value between whole wheat flour and white flour.


Whole wheat retains the bran and germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to white flour which retains only the endosperm.

Whole wheat foods are nutritionally superior to refined grains, richer in dietary fiber, antioxidants, protein (and in particular the amino acid lysine), dietary minerals (including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and selenium), and vitamins (including niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E).

The greater amount of dietary fiber, as much as four times than found in refined grains, is likely the most important benefit, as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of some forms of cancer, digestive system diseases, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Some of these protective effects occur because carbohydrates from whole grains are digested and enter the bloodstream more slowly, avoiding the "sugar rush."


2

Describe the effects of yeast in bread making.


Yeast interacts chemically with sugar in warm water to provide leavening. This allows the bread to "rise".

In more detail, yeasts make up a group of single-celled fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread. In the absence of oxygen, yeasts produce their energy by converting sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol. In baking, the carbon dioxide raises the bread and the ethanol evaporates.


3

Give one Old Testament and one New Testament incident where leavening is mentioned.


Old Testament: Exodus 12:34 & 39 -- The Israelites prepared unleavened bread for the first Passover

New Testament: Jesus mentioned leavening several times including: Matthew 13:33; Luke 13:20, 21

Jesus compares the Pharisees to leaven in Matthew 16:6-12; Mark 8:15; Luke 12:1

In an allusion to the Old Testament, Paul also uses leaven to describe how a little sin or corruption effects the whole church. See Gal 5:9 and 1 Corinthians 5:1-8. Throughout the Old Testament, and into Paul's writings, leaven symbolized corruption, defilement, and sin. Of course there is nothing inheriently bad about yeast, it is only used as an analogy.


4

Prepare whole grain bread (can be wheat, rye, oatmeal, etc.).


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe


5

Prepare two of the following:


5a

Yeast biscuits


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe


5b

Unleavened bread


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe


5c

Bread sticks


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe


5d

Bagels


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe With thanks to http://www.bagelrecipes.net/simple-bagels.html - a completely free source for recipes for bagels.


5e

Vegetable bread


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe



6

Explain why the use of baking powder and soda should be avoided and why the mixture of milk, sugar, and eggs is harmful to health.


Baking soda and baking powder
In The Ministry of Healing, Ellen White wrote that baking soda and baking powder should not be used for making bread. She wrote, "Soda causes inflammation of the stomach and often poisons the entire system."
Milk, sugar, and eggs
When these ingredients are mixed and eaten, they ferment in the abdomen, giving the same effect as alcohol products. In Ministry of Healing page 301-302 we can read "Far too much sugar is ordinarily used in food. Cakes, sweet puddings, pastries, jellies, jams, are active causes of indigestion. Especially harmful are the custards and puddings in which milk, eggs, and sugar are the chief ingredients. The free use of milk and sugar taken together should be avoided."


7

How do you test a cake for being done? How do you keep a cake from "falling"?


You can test to see if a cake is done by inserting a toothpick or butter knife carefully into the center of the cake. If it comes out clean without any "cake goo" attached, then the cake is done.

You can keep a cake from falling by not introducing a cake to temperatures drastically different from the oven too quickly and by not slamming the door on the oven before the cake is done.


8

Prepare two of the following:


8a

Cake from basic ingredients (any flavor)


See the Wikibook Cookbook recipes for Cakes and Cupcakes. Remember that you can use soy milk instead of cow's milk. In cake recipes calling for eggs, you can substitute a half banana and a quarter cup of apple sauce.


8b

Cake from a mix (any flavor)


The best advice we can give here is to buy a mix and follow the directions on the package. Cake mixes were introduced to the market in the 1950's, though they were not initially well-received. At that time, the only thing the homemaker needed to do was add water, blend, pour it in a pan, and bake. Marketeers determined that homemakers did not like this because it did not feel enough like "homemade" so they omitted powdered eggs from the mix and had the homemaker add fresh eggs along with the water. As soon as this change was made to the formulation, sales skyrocketed.

It should be noted however, that it is perhaps impossible to find a cake mix that does not use either baking powder or baking soda, or the combination of eggs, milk, and sugar (see requirement 6). However, 3 tablespoons of water plus 1 tablespoon of either cornstarch or ground flax seed makes a good egg-substitute.


8c

Fruit or nut cake or loaf cake


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe


8d

Sponge cake


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe



9

Make one pie in each of the following categories:


9a

Baked, any fruit, including lemon


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recipe

See the Pie Section in the Wikibooks Cookbook for more recipes.


9b

Unbaked (baked pie shell only), fresh fruit, gelatin, etc.


Numerous options for fresh fruit and other kinds of no bake pie exist. Here are 50 examples [1]



10

Make and bake one recipe of cookies. Make one recipe of refrigerator cookies. It is preferable to use wholesome ingredients such as fruit, oatmeal, nuts, etc.


Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Problematic requirement

By definition, refrigerator cookies are made from a stiff dough that is refrigerated to become even stiffer. The dough is typically shaped into cylinders which are sliced into round cookies before baking. Refrigerator cookies are any type of cookie where the dough needs to be chilled before baking the cookies.

Examples of refrigerator cookies include:

  • Gingerbread cookies
  • Most "cookie cutter" cookies
  • Some types of chocolate chip cookies.


11

Prepare recipe file for all of the items required above and any others desired. See how many recipes you can find using fruit without large amounts of sugar.


Try one of many recipe sites online such as recipesource.com. Or, even better, use this as an opportunity to learn recipes that your parents and grandparents have made over the years! Be sure that you include your favorite recipes!



References


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