AY Honors/Worms/Answer Key/es - Revision history

W126jep: Created page with " La sanguijuela mucho tiempo se ha utilizado en la medicina, aunque en la actualidad su uso está limitado principalmente a los procedimientos de reinserción de m..."

2021-04-23T17:12:02Z

Created page with "</noinclude> La sanguijuela mucho tiempo se ha utilizado en la medicina, aunque en la actualidad su uso está limitado principalmente a los procedimientos de reinserción de m..."

Show changes

W126jep: Created page with " Los beneficios principales de la actividad de las lombrices a la fertilidad del suelo se pueden resumir como:"

2021-04-23T17:10:03Z

Created page with "</noinclude> Los beneficios principales de la actividad de las lombrices a la fertilidad del suelo se pueden resumir como:"

W126jep: Created page with " Las lombrices de tierra varían en tamaño de dos centímetros a más de tres metros (lombriz gigante de Gippsland). "

2021-04-23T17:10:02Z

Created page with "</noinclude> Las lombrices de tierra varían en tamaño de dos centímetros a más de tres metros (lombriz gigante de Gippsland). <noinclude>"

Show changes

W126jep: Created page with "El gusano con cabeza de martillo es un gusano plano terrestre de la familia «Geoplanidae»."

2021-04-23T17:08:01Z

Created page with "El gusano con cabeza de martillo es un gusano plano terrestre de la familia «Geoplanidae»."

W126jep: Created page with " Las lombrices viven en una variedad de hábitats, incluyendo en el suelo, hojarasca, debajo de las piedras, en el agua e..."

2021-04-23T17:04:02Z

Created page with "</noinclude>  Las lombrices viven en una variedad de hábitats, incluyendo en el suelo, hojarasca, debajo de las piedras, en el agua e..."

W126jep: Created page with ""

2021-04-23T17:02:02Z

Created page with "<noinclude>"

New page

{{HonorSubpage}}


<section begin="Body" />
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude></noinclude>

Una lombriz es un animal invertebrado alargado de cuerpo blando (sin hueso). La más conocida es la lombriz de tierra, pero hay cientos de miles de diferentes especies que viven en una amplia variedad de hábitats distintos de los suelos.

<noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Worms live in a variety of habitats, including in the soil, leaf litter, under rocks, in the water, and even inside the bodies of other animals.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Worms "eat" soil, which is to say that they swallow it, and as it passes through their bodies, nutrients are extracted from the organic materials found in the soil (such as dead leaves).
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Worms are found in the ''Animal Kingdom''.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

===Annelida (segmented worms)===
The annelids are a large phylum of animals, comprising the segmented worms, with about 15,000 species including the well-known earthworms and leeches. They are found in most wet environments, and include many terrestrial, freshwater, and especially marine species, as well as some which are parasitic or mutualistic. They range in length from under a millimeter to over 3 meters (the seep tube worm Lamellibrachia luymesi).
===Nematoda (roundworms)===
The nematodes or roundworms are one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 20,000 different described species (over 15,000 are parasitic). They are found in great quantities in almost all freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts. They are found in locations as diverse as Antarctica and oceanic trenches. Further, there are a great many parasitic forms, causing disease in most plants and animals, humans included.
===Platyhelminthes (flatworms)===
The flatworms are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. With about 25,000 known species they are found in marine, freshwater, and even damp terrestrial environments. Most are free-living forms, but many are parasitic on other animals.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The so-called Hammerhead Worm (below) is a terrestrial flatworm from the family ''Geoplanidae''.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Image:LandPlanarian4355.jpg|400px]]
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===Other Worm Phyla===
According to Wikipedia, worms belong to ''ten'' different phyla. The three most familiar are listed above, but for completeness, we mention the other seven here:
* Acanthocephala (spiny-headed worms)
* Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
* Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
* Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
* Nemertea (ribbonworms)
* Onychophora (velvet worms)
* Sipuncula (peanut worms)
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

A parasitic creature (that is, a parasite) is one that lives off another, usually larger creature (a host) for a prolonged period of time. The parasite gains benefit from the relationship while the host is harmed. The "prolonged" portion of this definition distinguishes the predator/prey relationship from the parasite/host relationship. It also excludes brief relationships such as a mosquito bite. Examples of parasites include leeches, tapeworms, and nematodes.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A free-living creature is any creature that is not a parasite.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Annelida include earthworms, which are free-living, and leeches, which are parasites. Most Nematodes (roundworms) are parasites, and most Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are free-living.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8a}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Earthworms live all over the world except in polar and arid regions.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8b}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Earthworms feed on organic matter found in the soil, such as leaf litter. They pass soil through the gut, extracting nutrients from it as it passes through their bodies.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8c}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
The major benefits of earthworm activities to soil fertility can be summarized as:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Biological: The earthworm is essential to composting; the process of converting dead organic matter into rich humus, a medium vital to the growth of healthy plants, and thus ensuring the continuance of the cycle of fertility. This is achieved by the worm's actions of pulling down below any organic matter deposited on the soil surface (e.g., leaf fall, manure, etc.) either for food or when it needs to plug its burrow. Once in the burrow, the worm will shred the leaf and partially digest it, then mingle it with the earth by saturating it with intestinal secretions. Worm casts (see below) can contain 40% more humus than the top 6" of soil in which the worm is living.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Chemical: As well as dead organic matter, the earthworm also ingests any other soil particles that are small enough—including stones up to 1/20 of an inch (1.25mm) across—into its 'crop' wherein minute fragments of grit grind everything into a fine paste which is then digested in the stomach. When the worm excretes this in the form of casts which are deposited on the surface or deeper in the soil, a perfectly balanced selection of minerals and plant nutrients is made available in an accessible form. Investigations in the US show that fresh earthworm casts are 5 times richer in available nitrogen, 7 times richer in available phosphates and 11 times richer in available potash than the surrounding upper 6 inches (150 mm) of soil. In conditions where there is plenty of available humus, the weight of casts produced may be greater than 4.5 kg (10 lb) per worm per year, in itself an indicator of why it pays the gardener or farmer to keep worm populations high.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Physical: By its burrowing actions, the earthworm is of great value in keeping the soil structure open, creating a multitude of channels which allow the processes of both aeration and drainage to occur. Permaculture co-founder Bill Mollison points out that by sliding in their tunnels, earthworms "act as an innumerable army of pistons pumping air in and out of the soils on a 24 hour cycle (more rapidly at night)" (Permaculture- A Designer's Manual, Tagari Press, 1988). Thus the earthworm not only creates passages for air and water to traverse, but is itself a vital component in the living biosystem that is healthy soil.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8d}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Earthworms range in size from two centimeters (less than one inch) to over three meters (almost ten feet) in the Giant Gippsland Earthworm.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8e}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Recent research has produced figures suggesting that even poor soil may support 62 worms per square meter, while rich fertile farmland may have up to 432 worms per square meter. In optimum conditions, the worm population may even reach 62,000 worms per square meter, meaning that the weight of earthworms beneath the farmer's soil could be greater than that of his livestock upon its surface.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8f}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
There are over 5,500 named species of earthworms worldwide.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8g}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
The Clitellum is a thickened glandular section of the body wall that secretes a cocoon in which the eggs are deposited. Once the eggs have been deposited in the cocoon, the clitellum slides off of the earthworm's body.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9a}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
[[Image:Wormanatomy simplified.png]]
<br style="clear:both">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9b}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Earthworms travel by the means of waves of muscular contractions which alternately shorten and lengthen the body. The shortened part is anchored to the surrounding soil by tiny claw-like bristles (setae) set along its segmented length. The whole process is aided by the secretion of a slimy lubricating mucus.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9c}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
You'll have to measure this yourself! Instruction is given below.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9d}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
To solve the problem of enticing the worms to travel in a particular direction, you may place them in the center of a circle with a one-foot radius (two-foot diameter) and see which one gets out first. You may use different circles for each worm as long as the circles are the same size, or you may use the same circle and time each worm. Measure the amount of time that elapses between when the worm is released and when it gets to the edge of the circle. That way you will know how long it takes it to travel one foot.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10a}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Leeches prefer warm shallow water where there is little to no current.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10b}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
All leech species are carnivorous. Some are predatory, feeding on a variety of invertebrates such as worms, snails, insect larvae, crustaceans, while a very few feed on the blood of vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, waterfowl, fishes, and mammals (including humans).
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10c}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
A leech attaches itself when it bites, and it will stay attached until it has had its fill of blood. Due to an anticoagulant (hirudin) that leeches secrete, bites may bleed more than a normal wound after the leech is removed. The effect of the anticoagulant will wear off several hours after the leech is removed and the wound is cleaned. The amount of blood loss from a leech bite is more of a nuisance than a danger for humans.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Leech bites tend to itch while healing, but this is normal. Itching is not reason for alarm, although the wound should be watched to ensure it is healing and to make sure there are no signs of infection.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Leeches do carry parasites in their digestive tract, but these cannot survive in humans and do not pose a threat. If the wound is cleaned, there is no more risk of infection than any other small wound. The wound should not be scratched as this may complicate healing and introduce other infections.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Many people believe that it is best not to remove a leech but to wait for the leech to have its fill and detach itself. This does prevent the risk of additional damage or complications from removal, but concerns about leaving portions of the leech's sucker attached to the wound are exaggerated. It is generally considered preferable to remove the leech promptly.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Leeches should not be removed by burning or applying harsh agents such as salt. This may damage the bite further and cause additional pain. Most importantly, damaging the leech may cause it to regurgitate stomach bacteria that may lead to infection of the wound.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Basic Instructions for Proper Removal and Treatment'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
#Do not attempt to crush or burn the leech. Do not squeeze the leech and attempt to pull it off.
#Find the oral sucker. This is the sucker at the small end of the leech.
#Place your fingernail next to the sucker. Push towards the bite. Attempt to push the sucker to the side, away from the skin.
#Once the oral sucker is detached, quickly detach the sucker at the other end of the leech (the large end of the leech). This can be done by flicking the leech or by pushing the under the leech and up against the sucker.
#Clean the wound to prevent infection, to remove detached sucker parts, and to remove the anticoagulant that the leech has secreted.
#The wound may bleed for several hours but then should begin to heal normally.
#Keep the wound clean and dry.
#Allergic reactions can occur to leech bites. If there are signs of a severe reaction, seek medical help.
#Monitor the wound for infection, and contact a doctor if the wound becomes infected.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
An alternate removal procedure is to apply a heat rub. Leeches have an adverse reaction to the menthol contained in heat rubs and will detach quickly upon contact with the substance.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10d}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
The leech has long been used in medicine, although today its use is mainly limited to limb reattachment procedures instead of the wide-ranging medical use of the past.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Leech saliva contains a number of compounds which assist in its feeding. An anaesthetic limits the sensations felt by the host (and thus reduces the chance of the host trying to detach the leech). A vasodilator causes the blood vessels near the leech to become dilated, and thus provide the leech with a better supply.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Lastly, the leech saliva contains a substance called hirudin, which keeps blood from clotting. The leech needs this to prevent blood clots (which would block its feeding) from forming in the wound created by its mouthparts. These properties are difficult to achieve using other medical techniques, and it is for this reason that leeches have come back into clinical practice in the last 25 years.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Below are images of the American Medicinal Leech, ''Macrobdella decora'', which has been used for medicinal purposes. The vertical image shows two phases of movement when the leech is using a contraction/expansion method to move. The leeches also wriggle in the water to move.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Image:Leech1.jpg|300px]]
[[Image:Leech2.jpg|400px]]
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

*'''{{bible link|Jonah 4:5-10}}'''
*'''{{bible link|Acts 12:19-23}}'''
*'''{{bible link|Job 7:5}}'''.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There are more. Search an online Bible for worm or leech.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
==References:==
*http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/earthworms.htm
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 10. Contestar las siguientes preguntas acerca de las sanguijuelas: -->
-<!-- 10. Answer the following questions about leeches. -->
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10a}}
 <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 Los platelmintos son un filo de animales invertebrados acelomados protóstomos triblásticos, que comprende unas 20.000 especies. La mayoría son hermafroditas que habitan en ambientes marinos, fluviales, terrestres húmedos y aéreos; muchas de las especies más difundidas son parásitos que necesitan varios huéspedes, unos para el estado larvario y otros para el estado adulto.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+El gusano con cabeza de martillo es un gusano plano terrestre de la familia «Geoplanidae».
 [[Image:LandPlanarian4355.jpg|400px]]
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+===Otros filos de gusanos===
-===Other Worm Phyla===
+De acuerdo a Wikipedia, gusanos pertenecen a ''diez'' diferentes filos. Los tres más comunes se encuentran más arriba, pero para estar completo, se puede mencionar los otros siete aquí:
-According to Wikipedia, worms belong to ''ten'' different phyla. The three most familiar are listed above, but for completeness, we mention the other seven here:
+* Acantocéfalos (gusanos con cabezas de espina)
-* Acanthocephala (spiny-headed worms)
+* Quetognatos (gusanos de flecha)
-* Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
+* Gnatostomúlidos (gusanos de mandíbula)
-* Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
+* Nematomorfos (gusanos crin de caballo)
-* Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
+* Nemertinos (cusanos cinta)
-* Nemertea (ribbonworms)
+* Onicóforos (gusanos de terciopelo)
-* Onychophora (velvet worms)
+* Sipúnculos (gusanos cacahuate)
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 6. ¿Qué significa «vida libre» y «parasitaria»? -->
-<!-- 6. What do “free living” and “parasitic” mean? -->
+Una criatura parásita (es decir, un parásito) es uno que vive de otra, usualmente más grande criatura (un huésped) por un período de tiempo prolongado. El parásito se beneficia de la relación mientras que el huésped se perjudica. La parte de «prolongada» de esta definición distingue la relación de depredador/presa de la relación de parásito/huésped. También se excluyen las relaciones breves como una picadura de mosquito. Algunos ejemplos de parásitos incluyen sanguijuelas, tenias y nematodos.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Una criatura de vida libre es cualquiera criatura que no es un parásito.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 7. ¿Cuáles filos, mencionados en la pregunta 5, son de vida libre o parasitaria? -->
-<!-- 7. Which phyla, mentioned in question 5, are free living or parasitic? -->
+Los anélidos incluyen las lombrices de tierra, que son de vida libre, y las sanguijuelas, que son parásitos. La mayoría de los nematodos (gusanos redondos) son parásitos, y la mayoría de los platelmintos (gusanos planos) son de vida libre.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 8. Responder las siguientes preguntas sobre las lombrices de tierra: -->
-<!-- 8. Answer the following questions about earthworms. -->
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8a}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+Las lombrices viven por todas partes del mundo, menos en las regiones polares y áridas.
-Earthworms live all over the world except in polar and arid regions.
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8a -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8b}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+Las lombrices se alimentan de materia orgánica que se encuentra en el suelo, como hojarasca. Pasan el suelo a través del intestino, extrayendo los nutrientes mientras pasa por sus cuerpos.
-Earthworms feed on organic matter found in the soil, such as leaf litter. They pass soil through the gut, extracting nutrients from it as it passes through their bodies.
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8b -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8c}}

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 2. ¿Dónde viven las lombrices? -->
-<!-- 2. Where do worms live? -->
+Las lombrices viven en una variedad de hábitats, incluyendo en el suelo, hojarasca, debajo de las piedras, en el agua e incluso dentro de los cuerpos de otros animales.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 3. ¿Qué comen las lombrices? -->
-<!-- 3. What do worms eat? -->
+Las lombrices se «comen» el suelo, lo que quiere decir que se lo tragan, y a medida que pasa a través de sus cuerpos, los nutrientes son extraídos de los materiales orgánicos que se encuentran en el suelo (tales como las hojas muertas).
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 3 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 4. ¿En qué reino se encuentran las lombrices? -->
-<!-- 4. What kingdom are worms found in? -->
+Las lombrices se encuentran en el ''reino animal''.
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 5. Nombrar los tres grandes filos (la siguiente categoría más grande de clasificación) que contienen a las lombrices y describirlos. -->
-<!-- 5. Name the 3 major phyla (the next largest category of classification) that contain worms, and describe them. -->
+===Anélidos (cuerpo segmentado en anillos)===
-===Annelida (segmented worms)===
+Los anélidos son un gran filo de animales invertebrados protóstomos de aspecto vermiforme y cuerpo segmentado en anillos. El cuerpo de los anélidos está compuesto por numerosos metámeros o anillos similares entre sí. La anatomía interna de los anélidos refleja también la externa, con repetición de diversos órganos en cada metámero. Se han descrito más de 16.700 especies. Se encuentran en la mayoría de los ambientes húmedos, sobre todo en el mar, pero también en agua dulce, e incluso hay especies terrestres. Su longitud va desde menos de un milímetro hasta más de 3 metros.
-The annelids are a large phylum of animals, comprising the segmented worms, with about 15,000 species including the well-known earthworms and leeches. They are found in most wet environments, and include many terrestrial, freshwater, and especially marine species, as well as some which are parasitic or mutualistic. They range in length from under a millimeter to over 3 meters (the seep tube worm Lamellibrachia luymesi).
+===Nematodos (gusanos redondos)===
-===Nematoda (roundworms)===
+Los nematodos son un filo de vermes pseudocelomados. Con más de 25.000 especies registradas y un número estimado mucho mayor, tal vez 500.000, forman el cuarto filo más grande del reino animal por lo que se refiere al número de especies. Se conocen vulgarmente como gusanos redondos debido a la forma de su cuerpo en un corte transversal. Son organismos esencialmente acuáticos, aunque proliferan también en ambientes terrestres. Se distinguen de otros gusanos por ser pseudocelomados, a diferencia de los anélidos que son celomados al igual que los animales superiores. Existen especies de vida libre, marinas, en el suelo, y especies parásitas de plantas y animales, incluyendo el hombre.
-The nematodes or roundworms are one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 20,000 different described species (over 15,000 are parasitic). They are found in great quantities in almost all freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts. They are found in locations as diverse as Antarctica and oceanic trenches. Further, there are a great many parasitic forms, causing disease in most plants and animals, humans included.
+===Platelmintos (gusanos planos)===
-===Platyhelminthes (flatworms)===
+Los platelmintos son un filo de animales invertebrados acelomados protóstomos triblásticos, que comprende unas 20.000 especies. La mayoría son hermafroditas que habitan en ambientes marinos, fluviales, terrestres húmedos y aéreos; muchas de las especies más difundidas son parásitos que necesitan varios huéspedes, unos para el estado larvario y otros para el estado adulto.
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">