AY Honors/Orienteering/Answer Key - Revision history

MBoismier at 18:28, 17 September 2021

2021-09-17T18:28:40Z

MBoismier at 18:27, 17 September 2021

2021-09-17T18:27:19Z

W126jep at 16:00, 7 September 2021

2021-09-07T16:00:35Z

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2021-05-24T15:59:12Z

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W126jep at 15:58, 24 May 2021

2021-05-24T15:58:40Z

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2021-03-19T03:19:18Z

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move IAConnection to Overview page

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2021-01-31T02:27:28Z

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W126jep at 02:27, 31 January 2021

2021-01-31T02:27:18Z

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2021-01-31T02:06:02Z

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- The azimuth is a compass bearing expressed in degrees. There are 360° in a circle, and North is, by convention, 0° (or 360°).
+The azimuth is a compass bearing expressed in degrees. There are 360° in a circle, and North is, by convention,
-East is 90°, South is 180°, and West is 270°. While azimuth expresses the compass bearing in the direction of interest,
+° (or 360°). East is 90°, South is 180°, and West is 270°. While azimuth expresses the compass bearing in the
-the '''Back Azimuth''' expresses the compass bearing in exactly the opposite direction. In other words, azimuth is
+direction of interest, the '''Back Azimuth''' expresses the compass bearing in exactly the opposite direction.
-the direction to which you are going, and back azimuth is the direction from which you are coming.
+In other words, azimuth is the direction to which you are going, and back azimuth is the direction from which
-The back azimuth can be calculated by adding or subtracting 180° from the azimuth. Add if the azimuth is less than 180°,
+you are coming. The back azimuth can be calculated by adding or subtracting 180° from the azimuth. Add if the
-otherwise subtract.
+azimuth is less than 180°, otherwise subtract.
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-  The azimuth is a compass bearing expressed in degrees. There are 360° in a circle, and North is, by convention, 0° (or 360°). East is 90°, South is 180°, and West is 270°. While azimuth expresses the compass bearing in the direction of interest, the '''Back Azimuth''' expresses the compass bearing in exactly the opposite direction. In other words, azimuth is the direction to which you are going, and back azimuth is the direction from which you are coming. The back azimuth can be calculated by adding or subtracting 180° from the azimuth. Add if the azimuth is less than 180°, otherwise subtract.
+  The azimuth is a compass bearing expressed in degrees. There are 360° in a circle, and North is, by convention, 0° (or 360°).
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 <!-- 10. Prove your ability in the use of a map and/or a compass by following a one-mile (1.6 km) cross-country course with at least five given readings or control points. -->
-{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Compass course}}
+{{:AY Honors/Compass course}}
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+<noinclude><translate><!--T:92-->
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-<!--  1. Explain what a topographic map is, what you expect to find on it, and three uses for it.  -->
+<!-- 1. Explain what a topographic map is, what you expect to find on it, and three uses for it. -->
 Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or "topo maps." Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude. In other words, every point on the marked line of 100 m elevation is 100 m above mean sea level.
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-<!--  2. Identify at least 20 signs and symbols used on topographic maps.  -->
+<!-- 2. Identify at least 20 signs and symbols used on topographic maps. -->
 These symbols are used by the U.S. National Park Service:
 <gallery>
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-<!--  3. Give the nomenclature of an orienteering compass.  -->
+<!-- 3. Give the nomenclature of an orienteering compass. -->
 [[File:Lensatic compass.gif|frame|Lensatic Compass]]
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-<!--  4. Know the meaning of the following terms:  -->
+<!-- 4. Know the meaning of the following terms: -->
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-Magnetic North is the direction a compass will point, which is towards the  North Magnetic Pole. The North Magnetic Pole is not the same place as the Geographic North Pole. The North Magnetic Pole is the point on the Earth's surface where the Earth's magnetic field points directly downwards. This pole is constantly wandering; its estimated 2005 position was 82.7° N 114.4° W.
+Magnetic North is the direction a compass will point, which is towards the North Magnetic Pole. The North Magnetic Pole is not the same place as the Geographic North Pole. The North Magnetic Pole is the point on the Earth's surface where the Earth's magnetic field points directly downwards. This pole is constantly wandering; its estimated 2005 position was 82.7° N 114.4° W.
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-<!--  5. Demonstrate how to shoot a magnetic azimuth.  -->
+<!-- 5. Demonstrate how to shoot a magnetic azimuth. -->
 The techniques employed to find the magnetic azimuth when using the lensatic compass are as follows:
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-<!--  6. Demonstrate how to march on a magnetic azimuth.  -->
+<!-- 6. Demonstrate how to march on a magnetic azimuth. -->
 [[File:Compass shooting azimuth.gif|frame|Compass preset at 320 degrees.]]
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-<!--  7. Know two methods to correct for declination and when correction is necessary.  -->
+<!-- 7. Know two methods to correct for declination and when correction is necessary. -->
 === Method #1 === <!--T:80-->
 (These directions assume your orienting arrow lines up with the North indicator on your compass dial, meaning the compass has not been adjusted for declination).
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-A compass with adjustable declination allows you to rotate the orienting arrow independently of the compass dial. If you have such a compass, you may calculate your map bearing without adding or subtracting the amount of local magnetic declination. To calibrate your compass in this fashion, rotate the inner liquid capsule (or turn the screw with the key) until the orienting arrow deviates from the compass ring’s north indicator by the amount & direction of the local magnetic declination. For example, if local declination is 10 degrees east of true north, rotate the inner liquid capsule (or turn the screw with the key) until the orienting arrow points to 10 degrees east. If using Method #1, you do not need to add or subtract as indicated in step E; just make sure compass ring north (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map north as directed in step D   If using Method #2, skip steps G and H; again, be sure compass ring north (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map north as directed in step E.
+A compass with adjustable declination allows you to rotate the orienting arrow independently of the compass dial. If you have such a compass, you may calculate your map bearing without adding or subtracting the amount of local magnetic declination. To calibrate your compass in this fashion, rotate the inner liquid capsule (or turn the screw with the key) until the orienting arrow deviates from the compass ring’s north indicator by the amount & direction of the local magnetic declination. For example, if local declination is 10 degrees east of true north, rotate the inner liquid capsule (or turn the screw with the key) until the orienting arrow points to 10 degrees east. If using Method #1, you do not need to add or subtract as indicated in step E; just make sure compass ring north (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map north as directed in step D. If using Method #2, skip steps G and H; again, be sure compass ring north (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map north as directed in step E.
 === Magnetic Declination Varies Considerably Across The United States === <!--T:42-->
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-<!--  8. Be able to orient yourself and a map by inspection and by compass.  -->
+<!-- 8. Be able to orient yourself and a map by inspection and by compass. -->
-Place the compass on the map so the baseplate parallels the north-to-south map neat line. Rotate the dial until compass ring North agrees with map North. Add or subtract the amount needed to adjust for local magnetic declination (subtract if local declination is positive, add if local declination is negative); if your adjustable declination compass is already calibrated for local declination, you don’t need to add or subtract, just make sure compass ring North (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map North. Holding the map and compass steadily (the baseplate should still be on the north-to-south map neat line), rotate the map and compass all in one motion until the red magnetic needle overlays the orienting arrow. Again, make sure there is no interference from metal when you perform this (ex: rebar in concrete). Your map and your compass are now oriented to true north. Compare the physical features around you with your map to help derive your location on the map..
+Place the compass on the map so the baseplate parallels the north-to-south map neat line. Rotate the dial until compass ring North agrees with map North. Add or subtract the amount needed to adjust for local magnetic declination (subtract if local declination is positive, add if local declination is negative); if your adjustable declination compass is already calibrated for local declination, you don’t need to add or subtract, just make sure compass ring North (not the orienting arrow) agrees with map North. Holding the map and compass steadily (the baseplate should still be on the north-to-south map neat line), rotate the map and compass all in one motion until the red magnetic needle overlays the orienting arrow. Again, make sure there is no interference from metal when you perform this (ex: rebar in concrete). Your map and your compass are now oriented to true north. Compare the physical features around you with your map to help derive your location on the map.
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-<!--  9. Explain resection and its use.  -->
+<!-- 9. Explain resection and its use. -->
 Resection is a method of using a compass and a map to determine your current position. The first step is to find a feature of the landscape that you can also identify on the map. This could be a mountain peak, an intersection, a bridge, or even a utility pole (some topographic maps mark where high-voltage lines are, as well as the position of the poles that hold them up). The closer these two landmarks are to 90° offset from one another, the more accurate the resection will be. For instance, if the first landmark is at 115°, choose the second one as close to either 205° (115°+90°) or 25° (115°-90°) as you can. This is not a hard and fast rule, and the prominence of the landmark may well be more important than the 90° offset. Once you have shot an azimuth to the first landmark, calculate the ''back azimuth'', and plot a line on your map from the landmark towards (and past) your current position (which should be somewhere on that line). Be sure to correct for declination when plotting this line. Then shoot the azimuth of the second landmark, and plot ''it's'' back azimuth on the map as well, again correcting for declination. If your readings are accurate and your plotting was done carefully, your current position should be very close to where these two lines intersect.
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-<!--  10. Prove your ability in the use of a map and/or a compass by following a one-mile (1.6 km) cross-country course with at least five given readings or control points.  -->
+<!-- 10. Prove your ability in the use of a map and/or a compass by following a one-mile (1.6 km) cross-country course with at least five given readings or control points. -->
 {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Compass course}}

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 The lensatic compass consists of three major parts: the cover, the base, and the lens.
 ;a. Cover: The compass cover protects the floating dial. It contains the sighting wire (front sight) and two luminous sighting slots or dots used for night navigation.
 ;b. Base: The body of the compass contains the following movable parts:
 :# The floating dial is mounted on a pivot so it can rotate freely when the compass is held level. Printed on the dial in luminous figures are an arrow and the letters E and W. The arrow always points to magnetic north and the letters fall at east (E) 90° and west (W) 270° on the dial. There are two scales; the outer scale denotes mils and the inner scale (normally in red) denotes degrees.
@@ Line 110: / Line 112: @@
 :# The thumb loop is attached to the base of the compass.
 ;c. Lens: The lens is used to read the dial, and it contains the rear-sight slot used in conjunction with the front for sighting on objects. The rear sight also serves as a lock and clamps the dial when closed for its protection. The rear sight must be opened more than 45° to allow the dial to float freely.
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AY Honors/Orienteering/Answer Key - Revision history

MBoismier at 18:28, 17 September 2021

MBoismier at 18:27, 17 September 2021

W126jep at 16:00, 7 September 2021

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 15:58, 24 May 2021

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles *** existing text overwritten ***

Jomegat: move IAConnection to Overview page

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 02:27, 31 January 2021

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *