AY Honors/Model Railroad/Answer Key

2007-12-03T04:30:22Z

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[[Image:6619.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Covered hopper car originally built in the 1950s for the [[Atlantic Coast Line Railroad]]. After the 1967 SCL merger these cars were fitted with rotary couplers and used in [[Bone Valley]] phosphate service.]]
[[Image:LO DME 49328.jpg|right|thumb|200px|DME 49328, a covered hopper owned and operated by the [[Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad]].]]

A '''covered hopper''' is a [[railroad]] [[freight car]]. Structurally, it is very similar to an open-top [[hopper car]] in that the carbody consists of a large hopper with unloading chutes at the bottom. What distinguishes this type of car from an open hopper is not only the car's roof, but also the car's overall size. Covered hoppers typically carry loads of less dense, and therefore lighter, materials, so they are built to a higher cubic capacity than open top hoppers. They are used predominantly to haul various grains such as [[maize|corn]], [[wheat]] and [[barley]].

Grain hoppers are well designed for long term storage of grain and often times retired cars are sold to farmers for use as garineries.

Some covered hoppers are built to carry loads that are heavy, but very susceptible to damage if exposed to the weather. Loads such as [[cement]], processed [[phosphate]], and [[kaolin clay]] are carried, in powdered form, in covered hoppers. Covered hoppers designed for these loads more closely resemble open-top hoppers.

[[Image:Santa Fe Conditionaire Covered Hopper.jpg|thumb|250px|left|ACFX #47633, one of 100 specially-built "[[Refrigerator car#Hopper cars|Conditionaire]]" centerflow hoppers operated by the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] in the late [[1960s]] and early [[1970s]].]]

Covered hoppers in [[North America]]n service have been built by most of the freight car manufacturers of the [[20th century]]. The most common covered hoppers that are still in use were built by either [[Pullman-Standard]] or [[American Car and Foundry|ACF]].

{{rail-stub}}
{{freight cars}}

[[Category:Freight equipment]]

[[de:Offener Güterwagen#Selbstentladewagen]]

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AY Honors/Model Railroad/Answer Key