AY Honors/Internet - Advanced/Answer Key
Advanced Internet Skill Level 3 1. Have the Internet Honor 2. Have the Basic Computer Honor 3. Define the following terms (or their equivalents) and tell when and how they are used: a. HTTP
i. Hyper-text Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the set of rules for exchangingfiles (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. It is the actual communications protocol that enables Web browsing.
b. Hyperlink
i. A hyperlink, more commonly called a link, is an electronic connection between one web page to either (1) other web pages on the same web site, or (2) web pages located on another web site. More specifically, a hyperlink is a connection between one page of a hypertext document to another.
c. HTML
i. HyperText Markup Language, the coding language used to create hypertext documents for the World Wide Web. In HTML, a block of text can be surrounded with tags that indicate how it should appear (for example, in bold face or italics). Also, in HTML a word, a block of text, or an image can be linked to another file on the Web. HTML files are viewed with a World Wide Web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, or Opera (among others).
d. Browser safe colors and hex codes
i. Browser safe colors – Many monitors/graphics cards (especially those sold before 2002) were set to display only 256 of the millions of colors that are viewable to the human eye. The browser safe colors are those 216 defined colors that both PC and Macintosh monitors ALWAYS have in common. If those 216 colors are chosen to be used when creating or publishing a website, a user will always see the same colors that you do on your monitor (colors that aren’t part of this 216 color palette are known to sometimes dither, which means they may appear “purple” on one monitor, red on another, and orange on yet another. Photos are not usually grossly affected by this coding). ii. Hex codes are the 6-alphanumeric digits that define the 216 websafe colors, as well as millions of other colors. This six digit format is the way that HTML tells the browser what colors to display. For example, #000000 is white, #FFFFFF is black, and #FF0000 is fire engine red. For a complete list of browser safe colors visit http://www.lynda.com/hex.html
e. URL
i. Uniform Resource Locator – The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). A URL looks like this: http://www.pathfindersonline.org.
f. Gif
i. Graphic Interchange Format – this format was developed by Compuserve in the early days of the internet. It is an 8-bit image format (256 colors) that optimized for internet usuage. Images stored in this format are usually of a low-resolution quality, they may be animated, and they may have transparent parts. Photographs usually do not look good if saved in this format.
g. JPEG
i. Joint Photographic Experts Group. A compression technique used for saving images and photographs. This compression method reduced the file size of the images without reducing its quality. Widely used on the World Wide Web. 4. Learn and demonstrate the use of these HTML tags OR demonstrate equivalent website construction commands in one of the current website development languages (PHP, XML, etc.) a. <html></html> b. <head></head> c. <body></body> d. e. f. <a href=”URL”></a>
g.
h.
i. <img src=”name />
j.
k.
l. m.
Overall answer: <html> this tells the web browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape) that this document should be viewed as a web page (instead of as a Word document, PDF file, etc.) <head> this comment allows for additional parts such as Meta tags (for search engines), and other “overall” information. Most of this information is NOT viewed by the user, but is instead “directions” to the browser. <title>Title of Page</title> </head> This tag, and all other tags with a backslash (/) show that this part of the command is DONE! All opening tags have a matching closing tag, kind of like parenthesis always both open ( and end). Notice that (1) each formatting tag appears between "less than" (<) and "greater than" (>) signs, and (2) the tags always appear in pairs, with the second tag in the pair beginning with a "slash" (/).
<body> This is the part of the website text viewable to the audience. It can include tables, images, links, and information all about you or your club. All of the commands demonstrated below “happen” between the <body> tag and the </body> tag. </body> </html> Here's a list of some of the basic formatting tags in HTML:
...
header, level 1 (the largest size type for a header, usually used at the beginning of a page
or the start of a new section). Smaller headers are tagged with
...
,
...
, etc.
... boldface text ... italic text
centered text
paragraph return (inserts an extra line space between paragraphs) Note: Any paragraph returns that you insert in your document by simply hitting the Return key on your keyboard will be ignored by a Web browser. You must use the tag.
to create a paragraph break on the screen.
line break (no extra space)
horizontal rule (a line running left-to-right across the page, to separate one section from the next)
- ...
ordered, or numbered, list. Each list item begins with the tag
- ...
- ...
